Personality Theory Analysis Paper Role of Personality - 1100 Words

Personality Theory Analysis Paper: Role of Personality in Affecting Situational Behaviour (Research Paper Sample) Content: Personality Theory AnalysisNameInstitution AffiliationDate of SubmissionLearning Personality Theories and Dispositional Personality TheoriesIntroductionThe two psychological personality theories have a number of similarities and differences. As such, this essay transcends a discussion of a comparison between dispositional and learning personality theories. Also, the paper will address the differences between the two personality theories regarding personality, interpersonal relationships, characteristics as well as behaviour. Conventionally, it is evident that individual personality will directly affect the behaviour of one. As such each theory of personality entails characteristics ascribed to it.Role of Personality in Affecting Situational BehaviourDispositional TheoryFirst, dispositional personality theory suggests that individuals possess a set of dispositions/temperaments that build up the character of an individual that consequently affects behaviour. Cherry (20 13) stipulates that a trait is defined as a relative characteristic which is stable that can initiate people to behave in a particular way.Dispositional theories encompass Allports theories of individual psychology, and the Trait and Factor Theories by Eysenck, McCrae, and Costa CITATION Fei09 \l 1033 (Feist Feist, 2009)In his article, Feist suggests that traits are manifested in a persons behaviour, consequently, defining them by their traits and characteristics. About the theory stipulated by McCrae and Costa, behaviour is a predictable element when there is sufficient understanding of the three core components; self-concept, central tendencies and trait adaptations, and three secondary ones. The underlying tendencies include that the raw components that affect personality. These basic tendencies of an individual are biological, environmental and are affected by the psychological interventions. As such, the situational behaviour of an individual is consequential of the primary i ndispensable tendencies of an individual. The basic tendencies encompass three personality traits namely cognitive abilities, language acquisition, and sexual orientation. Arguably, Feist and Feist (2009) suggests that the basic tendencies are present due to their biological considerations and their permanence over time as well as situation.Additionally, characteristic adaptations which are modified by the environment, makes behaviour to depend on the environmental factors from situation to situation. Feist and Feist (2009) outlines that characteristic adaptations can be affected by the external influences of the environment in which individual interact. As such these influences are in the form of acquired habits, relationships and attitudes. Also, self-concept affects situational behaviour in that a person views his or herself in one situation as different from the other situation. One situation can make an individual fearful in regards to self-concept, other situations make indivi dual more joyful. Also, in her article, Feist suggest that the peripheral components of the 5-factor personality theory will influence situational behaviour through the interaction of the external influences, adaptations of a particular character and the third peripheral component CITATION Fei09 \l 1033 (Feist Feist, 2009).Learning TheoriesIn comparison to dispositional theories, which are focussed on the individual traits, learning personality theories focus on the observable behaviour of individuals. In this case, the observable behaviour is not only the actions that individual performs and viewed by others, but also it entails feelings and thoughts that other people are observing them. Learning theories include B.F Skinner behaviourist theory, Cognitive Social Learning Theory by Mischel and Rotter, Albert Banduras socio-cognitive theory, and psychology of personal constructs. B.F Skinner suggests that psychology must define behaviour as a basis of the environmental stimuli CI TATION Fle15 \l 1033 (Fleeson Jayawickreme, 2015).Additionally, Skinner suggests that the genetic make-up of an individual have less influence on the behaviour since these factors are present when an individual is born and they cannot be changed. As such, B.F Skinner is a sole believer in the analogy which indicates that the past experiences that individual faces have a greater impact on the behaviour of an individual. Therefore, according to B.F Skinner, and individual behaviour changes on a situation are dependent on individuals past histories. Alternatively, Bandura suggests that individuals tend to control their behaviours through both the external and internal factors CITATION Mis13 \l 1033 (Mischel, 2013).This analogy depicts that these external and internal factors tend to influence the behavioural patterns of individuals in a specific situation depending on a number of factors.Personality Characteristics Attributed to Dispositional and Learning Personality TheoriesAccordin g to Feist and Feist (2009), personality theories constitute two forms, those who view personality as a dynamic entity cultivated by drives, needs, perceptual urges, objectives, and expectations, and those who view personality as a component of relatively stable personal dispositions or traits. Both theories have personality traits attributed to them. In dispositional theories of personality, Allport suggests that mature people are psychologically characterised by pro-active behaviour, in that they have the ability to act on the environment in innovative ways as well as making the environment react to their actions. On the other hand, the Eysenck theory and five-factor theory share the same idea that psychometric makeup of an individual cannot measure the ultimate structure of human personality and that factor analytic methods are worthless when they are not interconnected with the biological existence CITATION Fle15 \l 1033 (Fleeson Jayawickreme, 2015).Second, learning theories of personality indicate that individual behaviours are shaped by different ways of learning a construct. Arguably, B.F Skinner argues that some personality traits are passed through from one generation to another. Reminiscent of B.F Skinner views, Albert Bandura believed that people learn through personal experiences, although, he propagates that they do so in vicarious learning. Furthermore, other learning and dispositional theories suggest that people have little control to their situations which depict a pattern of behaviours. As such, Richel refutes that individuals have the core or central traits, but he relates that people can change and form personality traits through learning. Cognitive-Affective Theory suggests that behaviour originates from the cognitive-affective processes and the personal dispositional traits which interact with a specific situation. Alternatively, Kelly suggests that the personality of an individual is moulded by the personal interpretations and meanin g of a particular situation.Interpersonal Relational Aspects of the Two TheoriesDispositional personality theories dole out individuals to vario...

Advantages and Disadvantages of Providing International Aid to Poor Countries

Advantages and Disadvantages of Providing International Aid to Poor Countries It is human nature to preserve oneself in the first place. Still, we have some good traits that make us reach out to help those in need. We do this as individuals, as communities and even as nations. The outcome of giving international aid to poor countries has both advantages and disadvantages. We will briefly consider the disadvantages and the advantages below. One of the disadvantages of providing aid to poor countries is that they begin to depend on it. When they are at the mercy of developed countries, the rich nations can start imposing their ideas and ideologies on them. Much of the proliferation of arms and weapons in underdeveloped nations came from the developed countries which were providing help in exchange for enough room to set up their military bases. While poorer nations can be helped and developed by aid from richer nations aid, they can also be exploited when the benefactors have ulterior motives. This is one of the main disadvantages for poor countries receiving aid from richer nations. On the other hand, there are a lot of advantages to receiving aid that can offset the disadvantages to a great extent. One of the most obvious benefits is the amount of progress that a poor nation can make as soon as it receives aid. The money can be used for feeding people, providing medical care, good education and a lot of other important things that would not be possible if they didn’t receive the aid. Therefore, international aid can be put to effective use in many ways to help a needy nation. Although there are advantages as well as disadvantages to providing aid, the advantages far outweigh some of the negative issues that are involved in the process.

Registrar Of Births, Deaths And Marriages - 1436 Words

CASE NOTE ASSIGNMENT: I INTRODUCTION Registrar of Births, Deaths and Marriages (NSW) v Norrie (2014) 250 CLR 490 established an express recognition of a person’s sex being other than male or female. Chief Justice Robert French, Justice Ken Hayne, Susan Kiefel, Virginia Bell and Patrick Keane formed the Bench at the High Court of Australia. II PROCEDURAL HISTORY Norrie requested a review of the Registrar’s refusal to record her sex as â€Å"non-specific† . The Administrative Decisions Tribunal and its Appeal Panel however supported the Registrar’s decision . This judgement was held on the premises that the Registrar had no explicit power to register her sex as any other than that of â€Å"male† or â€Å"female†, under the presumptions of the Act. The case was then taken to the Supreme Court of New South Wales under s 119 of the Administrative Decisions Tribunal Act 1997 (NSW) , where the Court decided in Norrie’s favour. It was stated that, ‘Gender should not be regarded merely as a matter of chromosomes. It is partly a psychological question, one of self-perception, and partly a social question, how society perceives the individual.’ The Court ordered a remittal to the Tribunal, ordering further investigation on Norrie’s specific sex classification. This was done due to the belief that the Act proposed that Norrie might be classified by a category other than male or female, particularly, â€Å"intersex†, â€Å"transgender† or â€Å"androgynous†. III FACTS In 1989, Norrie had undertaken aShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of A Public Works Department In The Village Of Lake Success732 Words   |  3 PagesVillage residents also have a right to use a number of services provided by the Town of North Hempstead because they have to pay them taxes as well. 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Emergent and Early Literacy for Oral Language - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theEmergent and Early Literacy for Oral Language. Answer: Selection of texts The texts are to be selected in a way that will be helpful for the designing of the variety of resources that can be easy comprehending for the emergent learners. The various texts will include the reading inventories, oral language, comprehension reading attitudes, reading surveys. The educators can give the gift of their students with texts that can be narrative, informational, digital and that vary with the semiotic and linguistic characteristics that in future will increase their knowledge in a particular language and improve their grades. Narrative texts The narrative texts will include the teaching of reading aloud. Reading aloud through narration will gain the literacy skills and also will develop their vocabulary. The reading aloud among the students could be of any interesting topic such as about Caterpillar to Butterfly by Laura Marsh which is good for independent reading. This way of narrative text will very well explain to the kids the beautiful way of changing of caterpillar to butterfly. Vocabulary can also be concentrated by highlighting them to the students and making contextual questions and inference with it.(Berman, 2017). Informational texts The learning procedure will here depend on the instructions and the learning of informations from the leveled books like Bye Bye Butterfly by Andrew Lawson. This is done by using venn diagrams and explain the stories to the students. On understanding the cause and effect related to any particular topic they will also gain knowledge in the logical reasoning for learning the texts. (Giroir et al, 2015). Digital texts The another way that the students can comprehend the learning is based on the digital text. The digital text is educating them through internet or making them use computers. The information should be customized that will be easier for them. The digital texts like butterfly facts found in the kids connect are interesting stories (kids.sandiegozoo.org, 2017). Research based reading and writing- The research based reading and writing will help develop the power of decoding, fluency and comprehending a particular language. The texts in research should be in systematic pattern that will form the literacy skills among the students. The research based text will be such that is will not only increase the knowledge of the alphabet but will also the children gain emergent literacy knowledge. That is they have the skills of reading and writing prior they have become the conventional authors (Roskos, 2017). These will include the following Buddy reading Environment reading Direct phonics instruction Phonic games The relation of the texts to the cognitive and noncognitive powers of the student In the context of the emergent learning among the students the educator must know about the cultures and all the details of the students. The selection of texts will be the way t that might understand the cognitive and noncognitive aspects of the children. The cognitive skills of the students will help them develop enthusiasm. The cognitive characteristic will be through oral language, concepts of prints and listening comprehension. The non cognitive way is to increase the motivation of reading and through literacy self concept. The narrative texts and the informational texts will be provided on the basis of their cognitive powers. The stories that are read to them in the form of narration will make them smarter in the texts. The spontaneous conversation will help them in focusing of learning that will help them with their non-cognitive skills. Common core standard The text that is to be selected is on the basis of first exploring the common core. According to the common core standard the main goal is to make the students comprehend with the English language arts, science and technical subject standards. The techniques will include the components like the reading, writing, speaking, listening, language and media and technology. The texts that are delivered must be presentable such that it can develop logical arguments (Newman, Degener Wu, 2015). Analyzing and selecting text Semiotics is the most descriptive and applied in the field to sweep views . The semiotic analysis of the drama is the most influencing. They may also include the coded process involving production of the signs. The narrative will fall in both the semiotics and linguistic development. The informational texts will mainly increase the linguistics. The linguistic learning goes hand in hand with the semiotic learning. The semiotic which is the sign study could be successfully done with the selection of texts through the narration of any particular interesting topic. The problem according to the analyzing and selecting text media program there the main problem that came up was the complexity in texts that became difficulty for the students to learn. The language must be easy and interesting for the students (Silverman, 2016). Facilitate the student writing The texts of the narrative and interesting informational will make the students increase the habit of the writing. The topic should be attractive enough. The writing habit can only increase their power of clarity and style in the language. References Berman, R. A. (2017). Developing form/function relations in narrative texts.Lenguas modernas, (24), 45-58. Butterfly facts for kids. (2017).kids.sandiegozoo.org. Retrieved 29 July 2017, from https://kids.sandiegozoo.org/animals/insects/butterfly Giroir, S., Grimaldo, L. R., Vaughn, S., Roberts, G. (2015). Interactive Read?Alouds for English Learners in the Elementary Grades.The Reading Teacher,68(8), 639-648. Newman, M., Degener, S., Wu, X. (2015). How are teachers using primary sources to meet Common Core literacy standards in English/Language Arts, Social Studies, and Science?. Roskos, K. A. (Ed.). (2017).Play and literacy in early childhood: Research from multiple perspectives. Routledge. Silverman, D. (Ed.). (2016).Qualitative research. Sage.