Public policy decisions and factual information Essay

Public policy decisions and factual information - Essay Example The ability to provide a solution(s) to something is an incredibly important part of the greater process to be experienced. By achieving an end result, or solution to something, it would lead towards a sense of confidence in beliefs which would have began as being internally held and the notion that, with the creation of the debate over the topic(s) at hand, the final solutions achieved, would have the potential to have lasting implications for many people and for many years to come. The statement made by the author, ties in with the notion of providing individual members of the public with various factual pieces of information and then in turn, stepping aside to see how they will not only digest the information but also, how they ill intend to use in terms of their interactions with others and how it would impact their own respective lives. Human beings, by nature, often times seek to achieve the approval of their own held beliefs, through the providing of information to others. The ability to lay everything out there and at the end of the day, witness the ultimate outcome of all efforts made on either side. As the author himself states, this practice is ultimately a fundamental piece of the proverbial puzzle, in terms of realization of internally held thought patterns and seeing those very same thoughts turned into a reality through fact-based proving to be accurate in any way. By having facts for however many different topics, it can enable an individual(s), to observe everything around them in a different light. To approach either their personal and/or professional relationships, in a manner that may differ from where they would have been, had those facts not been introduced in the first place. In the quest to get someone in line with our own personal way of thinking, the more facts that can be suggested and brought forward, the better for that, more factual information, can lead towards a greater possibility of believing to occur by the viewing audience and present stakeholder(s). With rights, those would be the very things that enable an individual know what they should be allowed to do and to infer, on the other hand, what they necessarily should not be doing at the same time. A crucial outline of rights that many are familiar with, would be the United States Bill of Rights. The very document that all citizens of the nation, would seek out to educate themselves about the rights afforded to them as citizens of this nation. In keeping with the federal aspect of rights, through utilizing the example of the Bill of Rights, Stone addresses the relationship between the citizenry and the government when he states, "..Rights describe those relationships between people or between people and organizations that government will uphold," (Stone, n.d., p. 262). Stone's conclusion cleanly falls within the realm of the intended purpose of producing a clear set of rules for everyone to live by and adhere to.

Lecture Coherence Examples Essay Example for Free

Lecture Coherence Examples Essay Examples of paragraphs that shows coherence and unity: Example 1: This is a good example because it responds to the prompt in first person, the details are thoughtful and personal, and it follows the structure I’ve taught you very well. I slightly changed the topic sentence to make it connect better to the supporting sentence. I have also made some grammatical/vocab corrections so that you can focus on content and structure when you read. To get good grades in classes, I need to plan to do three things. First of all, listening carefully to the teacher in class makes me understand the lesson. If I listen carefully to what the teacher says, I can ask questions about things that I don’t understand. I can also do the right homework that the teacher assigned. Second, doing my homework every day makes me review the lesson from class. The homework helps me to practice many things from class. I can also find questions in the homework to ask the teacher that will make my English better. Third, making an effort to study gives me the will to learn. If I don’t make an effort, I will be lazy. The will to learn makes me try to finish the homework furst, and then I will let myself go out with my friends. Finally, I try to make a plan to get a good grade in class, and I will abide by it. Notice: The yellow topic sentence is echoed (but not repeated) in the yellow concluding sentence. The three green sentences introduce an idea (listening) and then gives more information about that idea. The three blue sentences introduce a second idea (homework) and then gives more information about that idea. The three pink sentences introduce a third idea (making the effort to study) and then gives more information about that idea. Notice the use of the transitions â€Å"first of all†, â€Å"second,† â€Å"third†, and â€Å"Finally.† Example 2: This is a good example because even though it responds to the prompt in second person, the details are again very thoughtful, and the paragraph has a strong structure. I have again made some grammatical/vocab corrections so that you can focus on content and structure when you read. There are some useful ways to get the grade you want in this class. Before the class, you must preview the lessons you will listen to tomorrow. Previewing is a perfect learning habit to help you improve your learning efficiency. After previewing, you can know what the teachers will teach the net day. Then you can listen to your teachers with the questions you found the day before. In the class, you have to listen to your teacher carefully. Your teachers are professional and dedicated, and they can solve all of your problems about your studies. Listening carefully can also help you to get more information or details about tests. You can also confirm the knowledge you are not sure about, and it is an important way to improve your grade. Practicing more after class is also an important part. More practice for grammar or writing can help you to memorize. Don’t be show – speak more English, and you will improve your speaking and listening. The more exercises you di, the higher grade you will get. If you want to get the grade you want in this class, do these things before, in, and after classes. Notice: The yellow topic sentence is echoed (but not repeated) in the yellow concluding sentence. The three green sentences introduce an idea (listening) and then gives more information about that idea. The three blue sentences introduce a second idea (homework) and then gives more information about that idea. The three pink sentences introduce a third idea (making the effort to study) and then gives more information about that idea. Notice the use of both time words and placement of time words as well as repeated words for transitions

A street Car Named Desire :: essays papers

A street Car Named Desire Blanche’s Magic gone Sour Blanche is a woman who desire’s a new life. She is an outcast to society and turns to her sister Stella for help. She needs a way out from her discouraging life. This is why she comes to New Orleans. She feels a new opportunity is around the corner and maybe even a new life. Blanche has no place left to turn and her past catches up to her. Blanche is a very confused woman. She doesn’t even know herself what she really wants. From the point her husband pulled the trigger Blanche has felt nothing but despair and desire. She turned to anything that made her feel better and unfortunately it was prostitution. She lost her and Stella’s house and acts like it wasn’t her fault. She arrives at New Orleans looking for a new life and someone to complain and wine to, this being her sister. She has no place left to go but Stella’s house this is her only opportunity to start over. When Blanche arrives everything starts off pretty smoothly. She doesn’t have a big problem with Stanley yet and her sister is happy to see her. Its only until her past starts to be told is when the trouble begins. Stanley gets very upset at Blanche for losing the house and thinks that she is cheating Stella. This of coarse makes Stanley hate Blanche and he is now determined to undermine her and then make her leave. He knows she is not up to any good and this is proven when she becomes involved with Mitch. When Blanche and Mitch meet sparks fly and we as the reader think this is the start to a good relationship, something that both these characters need. Blanche really likes Mitch and she things this could be a

Comparative Analysis of Economic and Political Cleavages in South Afric

Comparative Analysis of Economic and Political Cleavages in South Africa and Zimbabwe Introduction Comparative politics is concerned with examining the characteristics or qualities of two different political entities to discover resemblances or differences. These entities can be general in nature, for example, the comparison of two countries, or more specific in nature, comparing two different systems of government. But, whether general or specific in nature, comparative politics tries to determine what caused the governments to form in the way that they did. One way to do this is to look for the cleavages that affected each of the countries in question. A cleavage is a split that occurs within a culture and can cause conflict Cleavages can be in the form of : Economic divisions between two or more groups based on financial considerations. Ethnic divisions between two or more groups based on cultural beliefs. Political divisions between two or more parties involving conflicting ideologies. Racial divisions between two or more races. Regional divisions between two or more groups based on geographical concerns. Religious divisions between two or more religious groups with differing beliefs. This paper intends to demonstrate that the comparative method may be used to better understand the socioeconomic and political cleavages within two specific countries, and that this study may lead to a clearer understanding of the issues within the chosen countries that are causing those divisions. The countries that will be examined in this brief study of cleavages are Zimbabwe and the Republic of South Africa. It is hoped that by examining specific socioeconomic cleavages of the two countries in th... ...izer. Mbeki should do something similar. The health of a country ultimately resides in the well-being of its citizens. Works Cited Dunn, Kate. "Learning from Zimbabwe's bitter lessons." Christian Science Monitor. 09/15/2000, Vol. 92 Issue 206, p 8. Dunn, Kate. "Surfeit of Ideas, But still no land reform in Zimbabwe." Christian Science Monitor. 11/08/2000, Vol. 92 Issue 243, p 7. The Economist, "South Africa's anxious eyes on Zimbabwe." 04115/2000, Vol. 355 Issue 8166, p 39. The Economist, "Zimbabwe's tighter belts, and shorter tempers." 0/28/00, Vol. 355, p 41. Meldrurn, Andrew. "African leaders criticize Mugabe for farm seizures." www.guardianunlimited.co.uk, 12/01/2000. Owen, Danielle. "Land reform overdue in South Africa," Progress Report. www.progress.org UNAIDS. www.unaids.org. Statistics of AIDS on a country by country basis.

A Call to Arms †Style and Tone Essay

â€Å"After a while I went out and left the hospital and walked back to the hotel in the rain† (332). This last line of the novel gives an understanding of Ernest Hemingway’s style and tone. The overall tone of the book is much different than that of The Sun Also Rises. The characters in the book are propelled by outside forces, in this case WWI, where the characters in The Sun Also Rises seemed to have no direction. Frederick’s actions are determined by his position until he deserts the army. Floating down the river with barely a hold on a piece of wood his life, he abandons everything except Catherine and lets the river take him to a new life that becomes increasing difficult to understand. Nevertheless, Hemingway’s style and tone make A Farewell to Arms one of the great American novels. Critics usually describe Hemingway’s style as simple, spare, and journalistic. These are all good words they all apply. Perhaps because of his training as a newspaperman, Hemingway is a master of the declarative, subject-verb-object sentence. See more:  Masters of Satire: John Dryden and Jonathan Swift Essay His writing has been likened to a boxer’s punches-combinations of lefts and rights coming at us without pause. As illustrated on page 145 â€Å"She went down the hall. The porter carried the sack. He knew what was in it,† one can see that Hemingway’s style is to-the-point and easy to understand. The simplicity and the sensory richness flow directly from Hemingway’s and his characters’ beliefs. The punchy, vivid language has the immediacy of a news bulletin: these are facts, Hemingway is telling us, and they can’t be ignored. And just as Frederic Henry comes to distrust abstractions like â€Å"patriotism,† so does Hemingway distrust them. Instead he seeks the concrete and the tangible. A simple â€Å"good† becomes higher praise than another writer’s string of decorative adjectives. Hemingway’s style changes, too, when it reflects his characters’ changing states of mind. Writing from Frederic Henry’s point of view, he sometimes uses a modified stream-of-consciousness technique, a method for spilling out on paper the inner thoughts of a character. Usually Henry’s thoughts are choppy, staccato, but when he becomes drunk the language does too, as in the passage on page 13, â€Å"I had gone to no such place but to the smoke of cafes and nights when the room whirled and you needed to look at the wall to make it stop, nights in bed, drunk, when you knew that that was all there was, and the strange excitement of waking and not knowing who it was with you, and the world all unreal in the dark and so exciting that you must resume again  unknowing and not caring in the night, sure that this was all and all and all and not caring. â€Å" The rhythm, the repetition, have us reeling with Henry. In general, Hemingway’s writing is descriptive yet effective in leaving much to the readers interpretation and allowing a different image to form in each readers mind. The simple sentences and incomplete descriptions frees your imagination and inspires each person to develop their own bitter love story.

Charles Darwin and the Development and impact of t Essays

Charles Darwin and the Development and impact of t Essays Charles Darwin and the Development and impact of the Theory of Evolution by Natural and Sexual Selection Introduction It is commonly thought today that the theory of evolution originated from Darwin in the nineteenth century. However, the idea that species mutate over time has been around for a long time in one form or another. Therefore, by Darwins time the idea that species change from one type into another was by no means new, but was rejected by most because the proponents of evolution could not come up with a satisfactory mechanism that would explain this change. The most influential evolutionary theories prior to Darwin were those of Lamarck and Geoffroy St. Hilaire, developed between 1794 and 1830. Lamarck suggested that species evolve through the use or disuse of particular organs. In the classic example a giraffe that stretches its neck slightly to reach higher leaves will gain in neck length, and this small gain would be passed on to its offspring. Geoffroy, on the other hand suggested that the change was discontinuous, large in magnitude, and occurred at the production of offspring. However, these theories of evolution were based on a priori explanations that offered no demonstrated mechanism. Darwins theory of evolution differs in that it is based on three easily verified observations. First, individuals within a species vary from one another in morphology, physiology, and behavior. Second, variation is in some part heritable so that variant forms have offspring that resemble them. Third, different variants leave different number of offspring. Darwin than proceeded to elaborate on the mechanism of evolution by suggesting that in the universal struggle for life, nature selects those individuals who are best suited (fittest) for the struggle, and these individuals in turn reproduce more than those who are less fit, thus changing the composition of the population. In addition to natural selection, Darwin also suggested that species also evolve through the complementary process of sexual selection. According to Darwin, in sexual selection, one gender of a species develops a preference for individuals of the other gender who possess certain features. The individuals who possess these features will than have a reproductive advantage over others, resulting in a greater number of offspring, and thus, again, a change in the composition of the population. Therefore, it was Darwin who made the theory of evolution feasible by providing the mechanisms of natural and sexual selection. Darwins Formative Years Charles Darwin was born in England in 1809 and belonged to a wealthy and respectable family. His grandfather, Erasamus Darwin, was a noted botanical expert in his day who published two important books, Zoonomia, and the Botanic Garden. In these books, Erasamus speculated about various evolutionary ideas that were dismissed as too radical (i.e., the nose of the swine has become hard for the purpose of turning up the soil in search of insects and roots). Darwin who in his youth read his grandfathers books with admiration, later commented that his grandfather anticipated the views and erroneous grounds of opinion of Lamarck. Nevertheless, Erasamus may have unconsciously influenced Darwin in preparing the way for evolution by natural selection. In 1818, at the age of 9, Darwin entered the Shrewsbury school, which was ran by Dr. Butler. Darwin later recalled that nothing could have been worse for the development of my mind than Dr. Butlers school, as it was strictly classical, nothing else being taught , except a little ancient geography and history. The school as a means of education to me was simply a blank. He was removed from the school in 1825, and was sent to Edinburgh to study medicine. There he studied for two years before deciding that he didnt like medicine. But before he left Edinburgh, he was introduced for the first time to the theories of Lamarck. According to Darwin at the time he was not very impressed with Lamarcks ideas. In 1828, at his fathers suggestion, Darwin entered Christs College in Cambridge to become a clergyman. To Darwin a good education meant instruction in the methods and logic of thought. Therefore, Just about the only thing he enjoyed studying there was Paleys works on theology, because of their logic. For the rest, however, he judged Cambridge

The Self Employed Sector In Sri Lanka Tourism Essays

The Self Employed Sector In Sri Lanka Tourism Essays The Self Employed Sector In Sri Lanka Tourism Essay The Self Employed Sector In Sri Lanka Tourism Essay Sri Lanka is an island in the Indian Ocean in South Asia, 65 610 square kg metres in country, divided into nine administrative states. It has a 90 % literate population of about 20 million. Colombo is the capital metropolis of Sri Lanka. The metropolis of Colombo attracts around 1.5 million populations during the daylight in working yearss. It is estimated that approximately 50 % of the transposing population arrives in the metropolis for employment or to prosecute in commercial activities and or to go to educational establishments. The remainder comes to the metropolis for assorted other intents. Colombo is the biggest metropolis in the state and, hence, it attracts people because of its commercial and political significance and it offers better installations in wellness, instruction etc. than any other metropolis in the state. The City of Colombo due to inadequate Infrastructure is beset by jobs of implosion therapy, drainage, clogging of canals, slums and hovels, traffic congestion, street sellers, name board, crouching on unauthorised land, accumulated refuse aggregation and deficiency of public unfastened infinite has compound jobs in the City. In Sri Lanka, there are about 8.5 million labor forces in 2009. About 4.5 million people are engaged in private sector while merely 1.2 million engage in public service. Over 1.7 million migratory workers are engaged in abroad occupations. Self employed labour force in Sri Lanka is estimated to be more than 2.6 million. RESEARCH PROBLEMS AND OBJECTIVE 2.1 Research Problems In concern about ego employed sector in Sri Lanka, street sellers are taking in higher part in the field. Lack of paid employment coupled with poorness in rural countries has pushed people out of their small towns in hunt of a better business in the metropoliss. These peoples do non hold the accomplishments or the instruction to enable them to happen better paid, unafraid employment in the formal sector and they have to remain for work in the informal sector. The rise in the figure of street sellers is mostly due to the deficiency of employment in other sectors. Street sellers are an of import portion of the informal sector non merely because of their Numberss but because of the critical functions they play in this sector. The goods sold by street sellers are cheaper than those offered by the large stores.The goods sold by street sellers are normally consumed by those in the informal sector, as they are inexpensive. Furthermore, a important sum of goods manufactured by little industrial units in the informal sector is marketed through these street sellers. There are about 20,000 peddlers in Colombo entirely, drawn from the poorest sectors of the state s population. This figure could be an underestimate as there is no proper study on the existent figure of street sellers in the metropolis. The addition of unaccredited street sellers is chiefly because the Colombo Municipal Council has stopped publishing licences after 1996 because of security grounds in the state. Most of the sellers are illiterate and have no accomplishments to take up any vacancies in public and private sectors. However, they have to feed their households. Some of them have been engaged in their little concerns for decennaries. Sellers have no option but to utilize public infinites as their workplace. In the other manus history of paving peddlers is linked to political relations. In most metropoliss new sellers come on to the pavings during the clip of elections. This type of actions is allowed by politicians as a manner of demoing gratitude by supplying employment to assorted people who have supported them in their election runs. Though it is illegal local governments are frequently prevented from taking them because of power of the politicians. As a consequence the attempts of consecutive authoritiess to unclutter the metropolis pavings were frequently unsuccessful. 2.2 Research Objective The chief intent of this research is to suggest to the local governments or authorities to evict these street sellers for reconstructing the Colombo metropolis as a modern and beautiful metropolis in line with the bustling capitals of Asia. 3. RESEARCH FIELD Street sellers can be found all over the state. But in this research has concerned about lone capital metropolis in Sri Lanka. In the other metropoliss besides has been faced a job with these sellers. Harmonizing to the Time bound has concerned about informations in capital metropolis. 4. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY In this research I use merely secondary informations. They are, Statistical information from Statistical section in Sri Lanka. Web sites. Information about other states Finance commission studies Colombo Municipal Council Annual studies Colombo Municipal Council News paper articles Email information s 5. RESEARCH LMITATION The restrictions of this research can be identified as follows, 5.1 Secondary informations In sing about topographic point and clip bound I have nt opportunity to utilize primary informations. 5.2 One solution There will be holding other solutions besides to work out this job. But I had merely concerned about one solution for this survey. 6. REGULATIONS REGARDING VENDORS IN SRI LANKA Sing street sellers in Sri Lanka have no legal position to carry on their concerns and they are invariably harassed by the governments. Street peddling in most urban countries is non wholly illegal and sellers can provide their trade on the pavings by paying a day-to-day revenue enhancement to the municipal council. The authorities should take necessary action to take up the issue of a national policy for street sellers 7. HOW IS STREET VENDORS BECOME A PROBLEM TO THE CITY Life Pavement is a public route and non a modesty for bargainers. Thus it should be the sole country of the walkers and no individual has the right to settle in this country on lasting footing. Digesting illegal business of pavings is equal to covering a blow to single freedom of all the walkers to bask a hassle free walk through the streets. Addition to that illegal business of public belongings would be a decease blow to holding a disciplined society. This is the underlying rule behind the thought of the authorities to pulverize unauthorised constructions in all chief metropoliss. There are some jobs in connexion with these street sellers in capital metropolis of Sri Lanka. There are about 20,000 street sellers in Colombo and most of them live in slums around Colombo. Harmonizing to authorities statistics, about 54 per centum of Colombo s occupants are slum inhabitants. The slum inhabitants are increased in every twelvemonth around the Colombo and one grounds for that this street sellers. One of other job is most of these sellers are making illegal concern in these topographic points. There are besides happen felons at dark. Most of the paving concerns are cover for drug pedlars and it is besides no secret that these make-shift constructions are inhabited by procurers and cocottes. Street sellers are besides blamed for the crud. The sellers dispose of their refuse on the paving or on the streets after their street concerns. Sometimes the nutrient is sold wrapped by utilizing paper, and clients throw that paper on the street. Harmonizing to this issue, street refuse s job has a strong relation with street sellers. Municipalities and walkers are concerned about this refuse because of these sellers. Other job is these sellers doing for traffic jobs. Most of roads in Colombo are non so wide. These sellers attract peoples to them and make non concern about route traffic or safety. Some sellers are making concern in roads go againsting route regulations and besides turn into the roads narrow. Today street seller s country has become an eyesore non merely to the tourer but besides to the civilians in the state. Sometimes because of these sellers has non attraction for tourer to the state. 8. Previous SOLUTIONS FOR THESE STREET VENDORS As a consequence the attempts of consecutive authoritiess to unclutter the metropolis pavings were frequently unsuccessful. In the past efforts to free the pavings of peddlers have ended in failure. The payment peddlers were back in no clip with the approvals of politicians. It has been a clear instance of popular political relations excluding the authorities to make the right thing. Consecutive authoritiess tried on a figure of occasions since 1977 to take Colombo s street sellers but backed off in the face of resistance. To the sellers have no alternate chance to keep their lives without street peddling due to the deficiency of formal occupation chances for them. On the other manus, to urban governments and municipal councils besides do non hold proper guideline for their big figure of street sellers. In presents without proper regulation and ordinances can non command these big figure of sellers. 9. INTERNATIONAL CASE In the undermentioned subdivisions, sum up the information on the different two states. 9.1 BANGLADESH Most of South Asiatic developing metropoliss have a big figure of street sellers as an informal trade in the chief urban dealing points every bit good as Dhaka City. Not merely the low-income group but besides the middle-income group of urban inhabitant depends on street seller for shopping in their life. In the Dhaka City Corporation ( DCC ) country 60 % houses are of low-income, 37 % in-between income and the remainder 3 % constitutes high-income houses are in the Dhaka City, Bangladesh. More than 60 % of urban inhabitants depend on urban street sellers. However, Street peddling is non a suited occupation for females in Dhaka City because it is hard to protect them from local leader and local authorization s torment. However, the local authorization has no proper rehabilitation policy for their street sellers. Sometime the authorization evicts them from their country and sellers become idle due to this eviction. However, when the local governments evict the street sellers from urban country it affect to the big figure of urban inhabitants. Particularly, whose lives are being maintained by street sellers or entree stores from the street sellers in their urban live. A big figure of urban inhabitants considerations, street sellers are portion of their lives. The authorization has indicated that street seller is an illegal trade in urban country of Dhaka City. After eviction, the local authorities established the vacation market for street peddling in some persons urban countries. But harmonizing to the seller s sentiment, holiday market does nt hold adequate infinite for the big figure sellers. 9.2 Singapore Degree centigrades: UserscompaqDocumentsNew folderw.jpgC: UserscompaqDocumentsNew folderww.jpg This is a one state in the universe where all street sellers are licensed. It is the responsibility of the Hawkers Department in Singapore to look into that there are no unaccredited peddlers and issue licences to those desiring to peddle goods on the pavings. In 1971, a national programme aimed at constructing nutrient Centres and markets to resettle accredited street nutrient peddlers was taken up. The programme provided basic stall installations and services such as piped drinkable H2O, electricity and refuse aggregation and disposal. By 1996, all street peddlers had been wholly resettled into nutrient Centres and markets. At present there are about 50,000 street sellers in this city state. The peddlers section plays an active function in guaranting that the peddlers keep their environment clean and do non put restraints on walkers. Its functionaries inspect all stables and see that they abide by the Environmental Public Health Act of 1968. It besides organizes regular preparation classs on nutrient and personal hygiene, and nutrition. The composing of the metropolis s street peddling population is altering. There is an outgrowth of younger, better educated street sellers. The alteration is more noticeable in nutrient Hawking. The assortment of nutrient offered is wider than the traditional menu earlier. The younger, educated nutrient sellers are willing to experiment with new international dishes and this has increased their popularity. The authorities decided to upgrade the nutrient stables in the dumbly populated residential countries. By 2006, 65 such Centres were upgraded. Though the rents charged by the authorities have increased, the street sellers still acquire a batch of patronage because the points they sell are cheaper than those sold in stores. One important fact about street sellers in Singapore is that over the past 30 old ages they have helped maintain the cost of populating down since workers, pupils and the poorer subdivisions depend on them for their day-to-day necessities, including their repasts. This is true of other topographic points as good but unluckily the contrivers seldom consider these parts to the local economic system. 10. Policy IMPLICATIONS Eviction of street sellers. Street sellers in all over the state should be evicted by representing the jurisprudence and ordinances. All street sellers should evict to avoid incommodiousness to walkers and maintain the country clean. Illegal business of private or public belongings should non be tolerated at any cost. If we do so it would be a decease blow to holding a disciplined society. Digesting illegal business of pavings is equivalent to covering a blow to single freedom of all the walkers to bask a hassle free walk through the streets. Therefore the determination to unclutter the pavings in all metropoliss is a commendable attempt that should be encouraged by all. Clear all the pavings and relocate the bargainers in new topographic points so that prosaic can travel on the pavings. 10.2 Construct lasting shopping composite. Street sellers eviction from street should supply lasting concern topographic points for them. Therefore, it is the Government s responsibility to give them the protection and security in every possible ways. The object is building of new trade composites for sellers, protect the ego employees public assistance and give them a bright hereafter. 10.3 Business Licenses After replace the concern topographic points should present the new licence system for them. It can be done by local degree or cardinal degree. The local governments did nt bear down revenue enhancement from street sellers because deficiency of responsible for sellers. But after implementing these policies by governments can be charge revenue enhancement from sellers. 11. CONCLUTION Street peddling in most urban countries is non wholly illegal and sellers can provide their trade on the pavings. On closer expression can happen that their destiny is no different from street sellers in Bangladesh and Singapore. Despite deriving some legal acknowledgment, sellers are evicted if the municipal council feels that they cause jobs to the general populace. In most instances in the past evicted sellers are non provided surrogate sites. In sing as decision should supply by local governments or authorities alternate topographic points for sellers to make their concern. Implementing eviction of sellers in the roads can be enjoyed with followerss. Individual freedom of walkers Individual freedom of all the walkers is increased with free walk through the streets. Therefore all will wish the thought of clear pavings with sufficient infinite for walking. Thus the thought of uncluttering the pavings will bask the support of the huge bulk of people. Slum inhabitants In Colombo around 1000 estates of premier land are being usage by slum inhabitants. After implementing policy sing sellers most of these lands besides can take under control of local governments or authorities. By utilizing these lands can present new plans to increase the economical growing of the state. Successful ego employed individuals Because of building of new shopping composite for these sellers it will be utile to bring forth a successful ego employed and create professional work force in the field. Making new employment chances both in the Government and Private sector would non be plenty to cut down unemployment wholly and that advancing self employment avenues would be an of import portion in work outing the unemployment job in the state. Traffic congestion After implementing eviction policy of sellers in the pavings it will be helpful to cut down route traffic besides. The roads in Sri Lanka are non wide. But after eviction of sellers on the paving the bing roads will be plenty to cut down traffic congestion on the roads. Foreign investing Eviction of street sellers in capital metropolis will be helpful for reconstructing the Colombo metropolis as a modern metropolis in line with the bustling capitals of Asia.

6 buzzword phrases to eliminate from your vocabularyÂÂ

6 buzzword phrases to eliminate from your vocabulary   We’ve all been in this position- we’re at work or on an interview and all of a sudden we accidentally say something that we quickly realize sounds so awkward, so not right that we’d give nearly anything to somehow be able to take it back†¦but we can’t. The truth is, once something is out of your mouth and into the world there’s no do over, and depending on how bad it is it you may do some real professional damage- anything from losing some on-the-job cred to sinking your chances on an interview and everything in between. What’s your best bet to avoid this situation? Simple- eliminate some obvious â€Å"red flag phrases† from your vocabulary. These include all the tired clichà ©s, boring buzzwords, and meaningless jargon that are sure to elicit endless eye rolls when they’re spoken out loud, and depending on your audience it could have real consequences.Check out the following 6 things that you should eliminate from your vo cabulary, particularly when the stakes are high and everything you’re saying counts.â€Å"I’m a workaholic.†Whether you are or aren’t really a â€Å"workaholic†- and in today’s professional world, where the balance between one’s personal life and professional pursuits gets blurrier by the minute- good luck trying to define what a workaholic is, let alone whether or not it’s even a good or bad thing. The truth is, this term has officially slipped into the meaningless clichà © bin and will garner the precise sort of reaction that it deserves, and it’s not a good one. Bottom line- most people appreciate folks who show a dedication and passion for their work, so no false modesty or false humble aphorisms are needed here.â€Å"I’m a perfectionist.†This one’s lying in the same â€Å"clichà ©d to the point of total meaningless† and- simply put- is never a good answer to any interview question that you’ll encounter, so just delete it from your memory. Yeah, we know it’s been used in the past to handle the old â€Å"What’s your greatest weakness?† question, but the truth is that this question doesn’t come up on interviews nearly as often as some people think it does, and if it does come up you should certainly come up with something more original. It’s ok to be honest and reflective when faced with this question and you can still come up with a satisfactory response- just try a little harder.â€Å"Leveraging†This is a somewhat newer buzzword that does seem to have a nice â€Å"professional sheen† to it at first listen, but what are you really saying when you use it? Typically it’s used on interviews to discuss a prior employment position that you somehow flipped into something else- does this sound like something you want a prospective employer to know that you may be looking to do in this new position if hired? May be not. Leveraging can come off as selfish, or at the very least self-centered, which may not work to your advantage when trying to sell yourself.Any and all â€Å"fillers.†Fillers are all the â€Å"likes,† umms,† â€Å"hmms,† and space-filling pauses used in conversations, and they never land well or make you look good. Fillers get especially annoying when the frequency of their use is high, and can really make you sound nervous and unpolished. Try practicing giving speeches without using fillers, and try to be mindful about when they pop up in conversation- and work hard to eliminate them from your vocabulary.â€Å"I’m nervous.†It’s ok to be nervous in life, but it doesn’t do you any favors to broadcast this to the world. Especially in your professional life and when on job interviews, your efforts should be spent trying to overcome any bouts of nervousness that you encounter- not trying to inform the world that they may be de aling with a nervous person. Work on eliminating this one from your conversations.â€Å"I don’t have any questions.†This one’s largely in reference to job interviews- where what you say really counts. Don’t forget that first and last impressions, both in job interviews and in other aspects of life, are what people tend to remember- do you want your lack of curiosity or unwillingness to engage more deeply on job interviews with some thoughtful questions be the last impression you make? Of course not. Always have a few carefully considered questions pre loaded when on interviews, it’ll really help cement the impression that you have a sincere interest in the company and position that you’re vying for.There you have it- 6 phrases that you should eliminate from your vocabulary moving forward. Follow the advice presented here, and you’ll be doing yourself a huge favor in whatever conversation situation you find yourself in!

Tenancy Agreement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Tenancy Agreement - Essay Example The Express terms are those clauses which are exclusive to the pertinent agreement, either in the written form or in the verbal form. In the Great Britain, tenants, by law, usually do not have a right in this arrangement. Nevertheless, owners dealing with the public sector normally provide an agreement on paper. This should be mutually attested, and after that it becomes imperative that the owner gives his contact information and a copy of the arrangement to each tenant. It is advisable that the written agreement includes the names and contact information of both the parties, the date, details of the payment and any time durations that may be set regarding the tenancy. The implied terms are all those clauses that are specified by law and are binding on both the parties regardless of the express terms. These include the duty of the tenant to care for the property and their right to live in peace without any disturbance from the owner, and the duty of the owner to supply basic amenitie s and perform repairs up to a level set by the law. There are three documents concerning the agreement that a tenant is entitled to, and by withholding which the owner would be committing a criminal offence. If the period of the tenancy is not fixed, but weekly, the tenant is entitled to receive a rent book by the owner. In case the name of the owner is unknown, any intermediate party between the tenant and the owner should provide the tenant with the full name and the contact information of the owner before 21 days, starting from the date of the agreement. ... that a tenant is entitled to, and by withholding which the owner would be committing a criminal offence. If the period of the tenancy is not fixed, but weekly, the tenant is entitled to receive a rent book by the owner. In case the name of the owner is unknown, any intermediate party between the tenant and the owner should provide the tenant with the full name and the contact information of the owner before 21 days, starting from the date of the agreement. For all tenancy agreements formulated on or after 28 February 1997, the tenant must get a written form of the express terms of the agreement within a period of 28 days after such a request, in written form, is made by the tenant. 3) Major types/divisions of Tenancies: Tenancies are divided into two basic divisions: public sector tenancies, and private sector tenancies: a) Public Sector Tenancy: A tenant is a public sector tenant if he is under the jurisdiction of the district and London borough councils, also known as the local authorities, a Housing Action Trust, a housing association or a housing co- operative. The tenants of the local authority and the Housing Action Trust, together with those tenants of the housing association and co-operative whose agreement started before 15 January 1989, are 'secure' tenants. The tenants of the housing association and co-operative whose agreement started on or after 15 January 1989 are 'assured' tenants. i) Payment: By right, both the

Foreign Investment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Foreign Investment - Essay Example MFN clause has been beneficial in generating parity in trading opportunity among states by converting bilateral accords into multilateral agreements. As a matter of public international law, MFN clause provides the sovereign equality of states relative to trading policy. While as a tool for economic policy, it establishes a basis for international treaty in relation to competitive dealings.2 The establishment of Most-Favoured-Nation dealing has quite a long record. Before the GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade), bilateral trade agreements often include an MFN clause, and by itself contributed a great deal to trade liberalization. Nevertheless, various measures in the '30s were carried out that constrained the operation of the MFN initiative. These measures were viewed to result in the splitting up of the world economy into trade blocs.3 Realizing from this mistaken view, the unqualified MFN clause on a multilateral footing was subsequently integrated in the GATT following the ending of World War II, and has led to trade stability all over the world. The dual purpose of the MFN principle is removing the econ... The MFN clauses ensure that protected investments via treaty will obtain favourable treatment no less than the agreement the host country bestows to investments from any other state firms or nationals. The Netherlands-Philippines Bilateral Investment Treaty is one distinctive example wherein it formulated that "each contracting party shall extend to investments, in its territory, of nationals of the other contracting party treatment no less favourable than that granted to investment by any third state."4 II. Procedural and Substantive Rights of Investors Maffezini v. Kingdom of Spain5 The issue being dealt with in the Maffezini case was to find out in what permissible conditions that an investor can apply the MFN clause covered in a Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) that is valid to its dispute as a way of establishing the arbitral's jurisdiction. In resolving this issue, the tribunal presented the difference between the rightful extension of rights and privileges by way of the operation of the MFN clause, and the bothersome treaty-shopping that could disrupt policy objectives of the essential explicit treaty provisions.6 Case Facts: An investment dispute between the Kingdom Spain and an Argentine petitioner submitted to adjudication by the petitioner under the Spain-Argentine BIT. The terms of the treaty provide that any dispute arising from the BIT has to be submitted to a competent tribunal in Spain when the procedures for amicable settlement fail (Art.-X.2). Further, that a dispute could only be elevated for international arbitration if the competent tribunal in Spain delivered a decision on the merits that fall short of resolving the dispute, or a decision has not been made on the merits within a period of eighteen

Abortion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Abortion - Essay Example Sinnott and Robert (467), argue that one can use pills that terminate the life of the embryo or go through medical processes of abortion. In this article, I will discuss the disadvantages of abortions, and some of the long-term effects one has to carry on after the procedure. I will also discuss on the legal nature of the act and the religious view of the practice. From a religious point of view, I agree that, killing of any human life is wrong, and there is no any legible reason for life termination. All life begins at conception and hence fetuses are just innocent beings and no killings are justifiable by law and religious holdings. I view it that, every being is unique, and termination of any life means the extinction of an individual with a unique genetic code (Sinnott and Robert 469). Out of biological knowledge, I understand that genes carry desirable traits that are rare and desirable giving organism’s unique qualities. The different aspects like knowledge, performance, or significant physical appearance may be in the genes of the terminated embryos. I agree with Sinnott and Robert (470) that, all humans have their potentials no matter how they may seem; hence, every life has a mission to accomplish, and thence it is wrong to terminate any life that may not yet be born. I agree with him that it is wrong to destroy foetus and no killings are justifiable. I find the act of causing pain on other living creatures wrong. Abortion causes pain moreover, sufferings to the foetus which later results to its death. My opinion remains that, however young the foetus is during the time of abortion it still causes it pain and sufferings, which is un-acceptable on any living creature. Governments that have legalized on abortion allow killings, and this means tolerating un-ethical practices in the societies. According to my thinking, this is lack of respect for young life. It is a terrible thing, and it results to under populating some regions since the

Why living in the city is better than living in the country Essay

Why living in the city is better than living in the country - Essay Example Humans are naturally social creatures—we like to enjoy the company of not just our immediate family, but our closest friends. The human race has been this was for centuries as this need for social interaction is in our genetic makeup. Living in the city provides for these social needs because there are always many people around who are willing to have a conversation. Social interaction is good for the emotional side of people because it gives them an outlet to express themselves in front of their peers. On the other hand, many people who live in the countryside often experience feelings of loneliness and isolation because there are very few people around. Additionally, living in the city provides intellectual stimulation as we are constantly surrounded by information. Wherever we go we are bombarded with news items and stories that spark our interest. This is in no way a bad thing because it is like nutrition for our minds—we have to think about the information being presented to us and how to process it. Controversial information may bring about debate, which further stimulates our minds because of the extra thinking power required. Many people who live in the country do not have the same opportunities to be exposed to the same volume of information and thus do not become critical thinkers. Finally, living in a city allows people access to the latest that modern technology has to offer. Technology in the city is generally more advanced than it is in the countryside for the primary reason that there better infrastructure in place to handle modern technological needs. We now live in a world where we almost solely depend on technology to get by in our daily lives. It was not that long ago when the Internet did not really exist—imagine trying to anything without the use of the Internet today. Those who live in the countryside do not have access to the same kinds of technology simply because they live in such remote areas. There are many

The Impact Of Economic Globalization And The Rise Of The MNCs On The Essay

The Impact Of Economic Globalization And The Rise Of The MNCs On The Developing World - Essay Example This report stresses that the phenomenon of globalization not only includes rise of global trade, internationalism of economic markets, development of advanced information and communication technologies, increased number of MNCs, increased mobility of people, capital, goods, ideas, and data but also pollution, infections, and diseases. On a precise note, the United Nations has defined economic globalization as the process that facilitates the increasing independence of global economies in consequence of the expanding scale of cross-border trade of services and commodities, rapid and wide spread of advanced technologies, and increased flow of international capital. The rapid advancement of science and technologies and the growing marketization are the two primary triggering forces for economic globalization. This paper makes a conclusion that the increased number of migrants is fuelling economic and social burden on destination countries but it is providing a growing source of foreign exchange for the origin countries. The temporary migration of low-skilled workers has offered positive effects for less developed countries, especially in terms of brain circulation, skills upgrading, and remittances. Remittance plays a crucial role as a source of comparably stable foreign funding. It is reported that remittances to developing states went well above $166 billion in 2005. Many less industrialized countries, like Bangladesh, Lesotho, Cambodia, Nepal, Yemen, and Sudan have become heavily dependent on remittances as a major source of foreign exchange.

Why living in the city is better than living in the country Essay

Why living in the city is better than living in the country - Essay Example Humans are naturally social creatures—we like to enjoy the company of not just our immediate family, but our closest friends. The human race has been this was for centuries as this need for social interaction is in our genetic makeup. Living in the city provides for these social needs because there are always many people around who are willing to have a conversation. Social interaction is good for the emotional side of people because it gives them an outlet to express themselves in front of their peers. On the other hand, many people who live in the countryside often experience feelings of loneliness and isolation because there are very few people around. Additionally, living in the city provides intellectual stimulation as we are constantly surrounded by information. Wherever we go we are bombarded with news items and stories that spark our interest. This is in no way a bad thing because it is like nutrition for our minds—we have to think about the information being presented to us and how to process it. Controversial information may bring about debate, which further stimulates our minds because of the extra thinking power required. Many people who live in the country do not have the same opportunities to be exposed to the same volume of information and thus do not become critical thinkers. Finally, living in a city allows people access to the latest that modern technology has to offer. Technology in the city is generally more advanced than it is in the countryside for the primary reason that there better infrastructure in place to handle modern technological needs. We now live in a world where we almost solely depend on technology to get by in our daily lives. It was not that long ago when the Internet did not really exist—imagine trying to anything without the use of the Internet today. Those who live in the countryside do not have access to the same kinds of technology simply because they live in such remote areas. There are many

Strategic briefing paper Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Strategic briefing paper - Case Study Example Analyzing the history of Euro Disney, one can draw connections between the financial issues of Euro Disney and its name, which its bosses were forced to change from Euro Disney to Disneyland Paris because people in Europe linked a word euro with business and finance. In addition, the company was also forced to overturn an alcohol ban as French admired wine and thus, it led to a huge bank bailout in the 90s. The company had also difficult relations with its staff, which protested against a payment freeze and went on striking and marching through the park that caused the first ever cancellation of the famous daily parade (Losing the magic: How Euro Disney became a nightmare, 2010). One of the ways out of such complicated situations is the proposal about recapitalization in order to improve Euro Disney financial position. It will also enable the company to continue making investments in the resort thus increasing the guest experience. In addition, shareholders will have the opportunity to purchase shares issued in the debt conversion and the companys debt will fall taking Euro Disney’s balance sheet from a negative to positive equity position. Disney finance director states, that such operation will strengthen Euro Disney, not de- listing it from the stock market (Holton, 2014). For Disneyland Paris it is essential to formulate a new strategy by setting fresh goals and values, search for the new resources and capabilities, and revise the company’s structure and system. For this purpose, the company should understand how its current structure drives competition, whether it is a changing customers’ demand, changing prices or certain technological change. With the help of diagnostic strategic capability that may be performed by means of value chain analysis or SWOT analysis, the company would consider the development of its availabilities. Besides, the

School Library Essay Example for Free

School Library Essay Library can be define as a collection of books and other literacy materials kept for reading, research, study and consultation. A library is a collection of information, sources, resources and services, organized for used and maintained by a public body, an institution or a private individuals. In the more traditional sense, the library means a collection of book. It supports the teaching, learning and research for the user who is comes to the library. The library has three types of library such as National Library, Academic Library, School Library, Special Library, Digital Library, Mobile Library and others. For each library have their function. The function of library such as to analyze, describe, preserve and make available for use it collection of material intended in subsection. The activities will involve in library such as purchase, give and exchange, donation and others. The activities that are produce in library will give the advantages for the user. Library also provides the several of collection such as encyclopedia, journal, book, magazine, and so on. The library are most important place that can be use to search the information. The library emphasizes instruction, reference services, on site and remote access to information in print and electronic formats, development of information literacy, and management of collections. The library provides resources and support for the Universitys major functions such teaching, research, scholarship, creative activity, and community service. 2. 0 MISSION The Library supports the academic programs through instruction, collections, technology and services which enable students and faculty to access recorded knowledge and information resources. This support empowers our constituencies to develop the information and technological competencies necessary to achieve their educational, research and professional goals; succeed in the workforce; apply lifelong learning skills and participate in a diverse society. 3. 0 VISSION To achieve a world class library status, catalyst to scholarship and excellence to the University’s teaching, learning and research attainable through physical and virtual means. 4. 0OBJECTIVE * 100% support the learning, teaching, researching and knowledge development programs. * Making the library well establish in services aspect, different of collection, latest technology and updated information. * To generate the workers to be skillful, responsible, commitment, motivated, ethics, proactive, brilliant, and well educated. * Building appropriate and comprehensive collection that are properly housed, controlled and effectively used. * Make library as a excellent information centre from services aspect, collection diversity, latest technology and information source and steady. * Create trained work force, having various skill, ethical high, proactive and team spirit through training, education continuously and increase in career. * Provide space for customer convenience, staff, and material and equipment placement. 5. 0FUNCTION * To build up as complete a collection of material emanating from or relating to country as appropriate. * To analyze, describe, preserve and make available for use its collection of the material intended in subsection. * To render bibliographic services and serve as the national bibliographic agency. * To serve as the national centre for the conservation and appreciation of its collection of the material intended in subsection. 6. 0ACTIVITIES * Purchase * Donation * Give and exchange 6. 1Purchase Purchasing refers to a business or organization attempting to acquire goods or services to accomplish the goals of the enterprise. Though there are several organizations that attempt to set standards in the purchasing process, processes can vary greatly between organizations. A grip applied manually or mechanically to move something or prevent it from slipping. The library facilitates the acquisition of bibliographic materials for the official use of and retention of officers and staff of the MRB by purchase of information materials (book, journals and e-journals, articles, audio-visual materials, etc. ) for official purposes only. The library also facilitates interlibrary loan among local libraries for information materials not available in its collection. 6. 1. 1Book and Journal Purchase Send suggestions to the Chief Librarian, or submit â€Å"Requisition forms† which are available in the library. Please take note that book orders may take 3 – 4 months to fulfill (from time of order to processing). 6. 1. 2 Document Delivery (Article purchase) Document delivery and interlibrary borrowing services are available without charge to research officers. However, officers are requested to check the Library catalogue (OPAC) as to whether the information material required is already available (in the MRB Library) before sending in requests. Requests may be sent by email or the normal requisition forms. 6. 2Give and exchange Give and exchange service is provided by the library to various institutions within the country and abroad. At the moment exchange partners in the country have reached about 65 institutions including academic library, school library and government library. 6. 3 Donation Donations of funds are always welcome, and may range from a simple cash gift to various forms of planned or deferred giving such as endowments, annuities, and bequests. Donations of books, journals, and other materials broaden our collections, enable us to meet the demand for multiple copies of heavily used titles, and also help us replace lost or damaged copies. Your donation might include: * Books on any or all subjects * Manuscripts, letters, and diaries. * Music recordings and scores * Videos and films * Photographs * Maps * Subscriptions to electronic resources All donation offers receive serious consideration by the Library. Donations of material are accepted with the understanding that the University becomes the sole owner, and reserves the ultimate right to determine retention, location, level of cataloguing, access, and other considerations related to its use or disposition. 7. 0LEGISLATION Legislation means the act or process of making a law or laws. Legislation is important in the library to make sure the patrons follow the rules in the library. There is the legislation in the library such as: * Conduct prejudicial to the proper use of the library is forbidden. * Silence shall be observed in the public areas of the library. Hand phones and pagers should be switched to silent mode before entering the library. * Eating, drinking and smoking are strictly prohibited in the library. * Southern College identification cards are non-transferable. * Bags, briefcases, helmets, umbrellas etc. are not allowed in the library. It should be kept in the locker room. * Reservation of a seat is not permitted. * All users are required to be properly attired as specified by the college. The library reserves the right to ask users, who are not suitably dressed to leave library. * Final year students who fail to clear and fines or return materials borrowed from the library on completion of their courses will have their certificate suspended. * Staffs who have applied resigned will have their library privileges terminated, since 2 weeks before their last working day. If they fail to return materials borrowed from the library, their salary will be suspended. * The library bears no responsibility for any loss of personal belongings or properties on its premises. * All library materials must be kept clean. Making, defacing or multiplying library materials is an offence. * No littering in the library. * All users are encouraged to check their library record in Library Online regularly. * The library reserves the right to amend their rules from time to time. 8. 0COLLECTION The Library has a multilingual and multi-format collection that is related to the academic and research programs of AMDI. Materials in the collection are classified according to the Library of Congress Classification Scheme. Presently the collection is categorized as follows: 8. 1Open Shelf Collection. A large proportion of the books in the collection is on Medicine and its related fields. These books are classified according to the National Library of Medicine Classification System and books in other disciplines are classified according to LC. Books on the shelves are arranged according to the assigned Call Numbers. As of today, the collection consists of 7,000 copies and can be loan out by eligible patrons. 8. 2 Fiction Collection The Fiction Collection consists of light reading material and story books in BM and English. The books are arranged on special shelves according to the authors shorten name. The loan limit is 2 copies and duration is according to the loan privileges of the patron. 8. 3Reference Collection This collection consists of reference material such as bibliographies, directories, encyclopedias, dictionaries, etc. Materials in this collection are marked with a letter r in the call number. This collection is only for reference use within the library. 8. 4Brochures The collection consists of small books and brochures that are less than 50 pages. These materials are placed at the Loan Counter. Use of the material is limited within the library. 8. 5Serials. This collection consists of Current Journals, Bound Journals, Serials Monograph, Annual Reports and all other serials publications and magazines in electronic format (CDROM and online). The use of such materials is limited within the library except for Serials Monograph which can be loan out. Patrons are allowed to photocopy articles that are in this collection. However, photocopying of materials is subject to the Copyright Act 1987. a) Current Journal Collection Current Journal Collection consists of current subscribed publications that are arranged according to journal title. Current issues are displayed at the shelves and back issues are arranged and placed on top of the shelves. b)Bound Journals Back issues of journals with complete issues are bound and arranged on a separate shelf. The arrangement is in alphabetical order according to the journal title. As of today the Library has 1,520 journal titles (27,000 copies) comprising subscribed journals, serials monograph, annual reports and others. c) Electronic Journal Collection Some journal titles are in CD-ROM or via online. The collection consists of 1,200 full text titles. The materials in this collection can only be access within the Library. Printing or transferring of information to diskette is allowed. A minimum charge will imposed for this purpose. Certain titles can be access online. For further information, please contact the Document and Serials Publication Unit at extension 3469 or 3471. 8. 6 Control Access Collection The Controlled Access Collection is made up of materials that are heavily used. Theses, research reports, training collections, pictorial collections, examination questions, official publications and small size publications are placed in this collection. This collection can only be used within the Library. All materials are searchable through the online catalog by author, title or subject heading. 9. 0TYPES OF LIBRARY There are six types of library * National library * Academic library * Special library * School library * Digital library * Mobile Library 9. 1National Library A national library is a library specifically established by the government of a country to serve as the preeminent repository of information for that country. Unlike public libraries, these rarely allow citizens to borrow books. Often, they include numerous rare, valuable, or significant works. National libraries are usually notable for their size, compared to that of other libraries in the same country. Some states which are not independent, but who wish to preserve their particular culture, have established a national library with all the attributes of such institutions, such as legal deposit. Many national libraries cooperate within the National Libraries Section of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) to discuss their common tasks, define and promote common standards and carry out projects helping them to fulfil their duties. National libraries of Europe participate in The European Library. This is a service of The Conference of European National Librarians (CENL). 9. 2Academic Library An academic library is a library which serves an institution of higher learning, such as a college or university libraries in secondary and primary schools are called school libraries. These libraries serve two complementary purposes: to support the schools curriculum, and to support the research of the university faculty and students. The support of teaching requires material for class readings, and for student papers. In the past, the material for class readings, intended to supplement lectures as prescribed by the instructor, has been called reserves. In the period before electronic resources became available, the reserves were supplied as actual books or as photocopies of appropriate journal articles. Traditionally, one copy of a book was made available for each 10 students — this is practical for large classes only if paperback copies are available, and the books reused from term to term. Academic libraries must decide what focus they take in collecting materials since no single library can supply everything. When there are particular areas of specialization in academic libraries these are often referred to as niche collections. These collections are often the basis of a special collection department and may include original papers, artwork, and artifacts written or created by a single author or about a specific subject. 9. 3Special Library A special library is a term for a library that is neither an academic nor school library, nor a public library. Special libraries may include law libraries, news libraries, government libraries, corporate libraries, museum libraries, and medical libraries. Special libraries are also sometimes known as information centers. Special libraries often have a more specific clientele than libraries in traditional educational or public settings, and deal with only a specialized or particular type of information. They are developed to support the mission of their sponsoring organization and their collections and services are more targeted and specific to the needs of their clientele. 9. 4School Library A school library or school libraries media center is library within a school where students, staff, and often, parents of a public or school have access to a variety of resources. The goal of the school library media center is to ensure that all members of the school community have equitable access to books and reading, to information, and to information technology. A school library media center a use all types of media is automated, and utilizes the Internet as well as books for information gathering. School libraries are distinct from public libraries because they serve as learner-oriented laboratories which support, extend, and individualize the schools curriculum. A school library serves as the center and coordinating agency for all material used in the school. 9. 5Digital Library A digital library is a library in which collections are stored in digital formats as opposed to print, microform, or other media and accessible by computers. The digital content may be stored locally, or accessed remotely via computer networks. A digital library is a type of information retrieval system. 9. 6Mobile Library A bookmobile or mobile library is a large vehicle designed for use as a library. They are designed to hold books on shelves so that when the vehicle is parked the books can be accessed by readers. They usually have sufficient space that people can also sit and read books inside them. Mobile libraries are often used to provide library services to villages and city suburbs without library buildings. They also service those who have difficulty accessing libraries, with retirement homes being common stops. They may also carry other information or computer equipment, such as might be found in a library. Some libraries also use their bookmobiles to deliver materials, such as audio books and large print novels, to homebound patrons who dont have anyone to go to the library for them. 10. 0PROFESSION * Chief Librarian * Library Director * Senior Librarian * Librarian * Cataloger * Indexer 10. 1Chief Librarian The Chief Librarian shall, on appointment, provide the staff member with a written position description which sets out the general responsibilities of the position held by the staff member. The Supervisor shall assign the specific duties of the staff member, bearing in mind the position description. The supervisor shall also determine, at least annually, performance expectations which shall be appended to the position description. The Chief Librarian may revise the staff members position description following consultation with the incumbent and, if requested by the incumbent, with the Association. The revision shall take into account the qualifications and experience of the incumbent. The Chief Librarian may transfer a staff member to a different position in the University Library and, if so, shall provide the staff member with the position description for the new position. Prior to such transfer, the Chief Librarian shall consult with the incumbent and, if requested by the incumbent, with the Association. 10. 2Library Director Plan and manage all aspects of library operations: budget, personnel, services, program planning, development and assessment, facilities and equipment. Implement university vision through long-range planning. Plan and implement new and enhanced user-services, including information literacy and remote access for populations at off-campus instructional locations. Create library policies in collaboration with library faculty members. Coordinate collection development and management of library collections Collaborate with Office of Information Technology on integration of emerging technologies and provision of electronic resources to the university community. Lead in an open and collaborative manner. Integrate the core values of respect, compassion, integrity, justice and service in all aspects of interaction. 10. 3Senior Librarian Under direction, to supervise and perform a full range of professional services in a major functional area within the library, and to do related work as required. Supervises children’s section of the library; selects books and other media for children and young adults; plans and presents programs, story hours, puppet shows and book talks; teaches children the use of library tools; advises parents on use of library facilities; establishes communication with teachers; reads book reviews and compiles bibliographies; gathers statistics and prepares report; reads relevant literature and reviews; supervises pages; attends and participates in professional meetings. Supervises cataloging of books and other library materials; does original cataloging as required; supervises book process; plans, supervises and reviews the work of cataloging clerk, book processor, and mender; works with other professionals in maintenance of collection and completeness of catalog; compiles monthly and yearly statistical reports; occasionally works at the reference desk; attends and participates in professional meetings; reads relevant literature. 10. 4Librarian. A librarian is an information professional trained in library and information science, which is the organization and management of information services or materials for those with information needs. Typically, librarians work in a public or college library, an elementary or secondary school media center, a library within a business or company, or another information-provision agency like a hospital or law firm. Some librarians are independent entrepreneurs working as information specialists, catalogers, indexers and other professional, specialized capacities. Librarians may be categorized as a public, school, correctional, special, independent or academic librarian. 10. 5Cataloger The cataloger is responsible for original cataloging of monographs and other formats in Slavic and other European languages in all subjects. The Library is a member of the Program for Cooperative Cataloging, and descriptive cataloging is performed in accordance with national standards. Subject analysis and classification assignment follow Library of Congress standards and local practice. Authority records follow NACO standards and are contributed to the national authority file. The cataloger also investigates and participates in implementation of solutions for providing bibliographic control for all types of resources including electronic resources. In addition to cataloging traditional materials and in support of the Catalog Department’s endeavor to integrate bibliographical control for digital resources, the cataloger may participate in activities to implement non-MARC descriptive standards and contribute to the development of new metadata services for the Library’s growing collection of digital resources. The cataloger collaborates with other catalogers and Library staff to establish and maintain local policies and procedures for bibliographic and metadata services, projects, and other activities that affect the library’s integrated library system, search engines, and overall access to the collections. He/she keeps abreast of the current trends and best practices for bibliographic and metadata services in the field. The cataloger also serves on library committees, participates in library-wide programs and activities, and is expected to be active professionally. 10. 6Indexer Search engine indexing collects, parses, and stores data to facilitate fast and accurate information retrieval. Index design incorporates interdisciplinary concepts from linguistics, cognitive psychology, mathematics, informatics, physics and computer science. An alternate name for the process in the context of search engines designed to find web pages on the Internet is Web indexing. Popular engines focus on the full-text indexing of online, natural language documents. Media types such as video and audio and graphics are also searchable. Meta search engines reuse the indices of other services and do not store a local index, whereas cache-based search engines permanently store the index along with the corpus. Unlike full-text indices, partial-text services restrict the depth indexed to reduce index size. Larger services typically perform indexing at a predetermined time interval due to the required time and processing costs, while agent based search engines index in real time. 11. 0CONCLUSION.

Communication Skills and Ethical Practice in IT Service

Communication Skills and Ethical Practice in IT Service Harpreet Singh TASK 1 Definition of Intra and Interpersonal Communication. INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION It has taken place within a single person who observes the situation and creates ideas. For example, there is the ongoing case in a court two lawyer protect their clients by arguing with each other and the judge is the person who is observing the situation and take the decision. Interpersonal communication totally depends on some various aspects like self-concept, perception, and expectation. Self-concept This concept is totally an initial stage of intrapersonal communication, its depend on how a person behave while talking with other and his body language how he is using gestures also his attitude toward the person is he intend to listen to that person although the most import thing is value for the person to whom he is talking all these things define the persons Internal understanding with himself there are lots of things that can affect self-concept. Perception Perception in the simple language what is you thinking about others it can be a person or anything. Expectation Expectation means you expecting something from another person in returns, for example, if you are giving a gift to your friend then you might expect something from him on your birthday. INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION Interpersonal communication is happening between or more two persons, it supposed to be Face to face communication it can be via video calling or interviewer interview candidate so he will ask questions direct away to the interviewee to make the conversation more clear and check that persons IQ level or reaction how he reacts. This type of communication will create a long-term relation between two people because they are sharing their feelings or idea. Interpersonal communication can be done to motivate a person so he can elaborate his in front of public or anyplace it will boost the confidence of a person. This type of communication can be done verbally and non-verbally through messages or emails etc. There are various aspects of Interpersonal communication skills. Interpersonal communication will increase organizational skills like face to face meeting, it can also enhance group communication skill so that a person can speak in the front of the group of people with the confidence. But this skill should be used in the organization. For instance handling an angry customer. It will also add up written communication skills like writing emails to clients in a formal way or writing messaging in daily life is the best example of informal written communication skills. Listening skills plays a vital role in interpersonal communication skills a good communicator always a good listener if a person is not listening other people then he does not have good communication skills. (Faculty buffalostate) Verbal and Non-verbal communication. There are many situations when you tried to explain something but you are not able to explain because of the different language or lack of listening skill or might be some other reason in the day to day life. For example when I came to Auckland I face many problems to adopting kiwi accent or the way they speak so my flight land to Auckland airport, no one is there to pick me up and I asked one of the kiwis in the airport how to reach city he replied me sorry because their accent is different from us then I tried to explain him via my gestures then he understand a bit but not exact what I am trying to tell him then he told me to ask someone who knows your local language by gesture as I am new here to its take too much time to understand their accent for me then as I wrote it down on the piece of paper and he wrote on that paper hire a cab ,then I understand what he is trying to say this the first incident happened with me. After that one day, I tried to identify the barriers like wher e I am lacking and why other people dont understand my accent. Language Barriers: In this as we interact with each other in the same language but speaker use some high vocabulary words that are not used in day to day tasks and the listener not able to understand the meaning of that certain words here the language barriers falls. Like when I came here in Auckland I dont know much about kiwis accent and they use some high vocabulary words that I dont even hear before. Psychological Barriers:- In my situation that kiwi guy might be angry on me but he didnt react that way because he knows how to manage stress or anger in that situation so basically managing stress or anger and giving a feedback is all about overcoming psychological barriers. Cross-cultural barriers:- In this two person having different cultures and values like that kiwi having totally different culture as compare to me so this barrier might fall while I am trying to interact with him. Role of personality and self-management in the learning environment. The role of personality It plays a vital role in the learning environment because it shows the characteristics of a person like his style to speak with his collages and other people around him, behavior, attitude, and how he convey people with his sweetness, calmness and how he seeing the world is all about personality. If that person is not has attitude of learning new things then no one would take him seriously, so the personality in the learning environment is like how a person indulge in curriculum activities, research, active listening, attitude toward his teacher, study and putting question to gain some knowledge like if a person is not interested in a particular subject then he is lacking somewhere he had to show interest if he wants to build a good personality. The role of self-management Self-management refers to how a person manages himself and managing his time, setting aims, self-motivation, building patience, avoid stress, assessing yourself and solving your problem. If you have this kind of skills so your learning will never bother you and it will become a fun activity which helps you to grab more opportunities in your life. Some strategies that will definitely help you in learning environments are:- Time Management Strategies Time management is managing your time whole performing day to day activities. In this, you set your priority like which work is more important for you, how you make a plan to do that tasks and you should utilize that given time period as you can. For example if you are working on a project in the corporate sector then there are certain deadline set by them so its depend upon you how complete that project by making some plan and splitting the work among employees, make a commitment like if there is deadline given by company then you set your deadline before company deadline so the project has to be done between that time period and you achieve your goal. Attitude Strategies Set an attitude because once you set it then other people around you will never judge you like dont make excuses other people around you can take your excuse as their advantage. Concentration Focus on your works dont let other people distract your concentration be an active listener, make a list of task in your mind that you have to perform, try to make busy yourself so you can avoid stress and achieve your goals. (student-learning.tcd.ie, n.d.) Task (2) Example of Intercultural miss-communication. First of all what is culture A culture everything you learn about how to speak, how to behave, how to think about of the things like how you think about another person, these things you will be learned by talking with you neighborhoods, parents, teachers and most important is how you observe them by listening actively. Like Your neighborhood can be a Sikh they go to the Gurudwaras on Sunday and you are following them very steadily here culture falls it is totally your observation towards the world. Now Intercultural communication is two people following different culture their language is diff their dresses sense is diff they hardly talk with each other this is intercultural comm. For example a person working in a company he might be a Christian and there is lots of Hindu working the way that Christian talks are totally different his Facial expression, eye contact, gesture, behavior will create miss-communication between that Hindu worker because they are comfortable to talk to their mother language and another person might have diff mother language so here intercultural miss-communication lies. Case Study: Selena should not have burst out without knowing whats that gesture means for them. It was rude of her to have shouted such words on George. George disrespectfully calling someone for help. As if they have hired you. A communication breakdown happens when two parties cannot understand each other language or gesture. In this case, Selena belonging to the South Asian culture misunderstood what raising a hand and snapping figure could mean in Auckland. Mr. George had snapped his fingers in the air to aware Selena that he needs help. However, in South Asian culture snapping fingers to get someones attention is considered very disrespectful and that you are being dominated by other person. The same gesture having different meanings in different cultures led to a communication breakdown in this case. No, nothing was unreasonable or inconsiderate their behaviors. Both of them were unaware of the different meaning of the gesture and so their reactions were justified. However, since Selena is new to the country she should have learnt some of the kiwi gestures and phrases commonly used. Before bursting out on George she could have asked him what that means or told him its a disrespectful gesture in her culture. Task (3) Advantages and Disadvantages of working in a team Advantages 1 Work has been divided equally A leader having a certain work pressure on him to control this pressure he divides the work to among employee in his team and he makes sure there will be no partiality of workload everyone will put equal effort to complete that work before the deadline. 2 More people more ideas If there is more member in the team then there will be more ideas and creativity in the work it will take your team to another level of the working environment. 3 Enhance leadership skills- Working in a team will always open up your fear of public speaking, it will improve your communication skill and how you present yourself also your initiative in the team you have to put your legs in the hot water. It motivates you lot by sharing your ideas, views etc. 4 Responsibilities have been shared- As I told earlier if the work is divided equally then the responsibilities has also been shared because someone is perfect is some task so the leader should decide which task is given to the which person who can utilize it properly. 5 Relationship Working in the team environment will always build up the good relationship with among team members see the ups and down will happen but at the end, if the work is done effectively and the result is above expectation then it will always create better understanding and a good relation. Disadvantages 1 If something went wrong everyone in the team should be blamed.- When you are performing a team work then you always ensure that is everything thing should be going smoothly if one of the team members did mistake then remember everyone in the team will be blamed. 2 Misunderstanding- Misunderstanding happens when there is miscommunication between all team member like there is a team of 5 members and the leader is giving different tasks to each member and when the team member talk with each other they come to know something else like he has been given the same task to all team member it will create confusions and misunderstanding between him and among team members. 3 Partiality of work- A leader is doing work to overcome from his work pressure when he is giving work to the member of his team who capable more than that limited work other will think this is partiality, they will think he might be his very good friend thats why he is giving him a simple task so the partiality of the work is always there if your leader is doesnt having that observing skill he should know the capability of a person and utilize him as per his capacity. 4 less flexibility Less flexibility leads to late submissions of projects because if the team members are not flexible with each other and they might have to do their own tasks not talking with other might have some ego it will destroy many things. 5 Ideas Collisions Most important thing while performing in the team more people more ideas different people different thinking so there might be confusion for selecting ideas for a leader he has to think of all team members. Factors that affect team performance. TASK1: LIFTING A CAR THAT IS AGROUND IN THE BEACH In this task 4 team member required equal power, coordination, motivation and timing. I will explain each factor required to lifting a car. 1 Equal power: The first most important factor in this all the member in the team should be physically fit and able to put equal power to lift the car. if one of the team members is not fit then it will trouble a lot, the car might be fallen down on his hand. 2 Co-ordination: If you dont coordinate with all team member and you have a plan to pull the car then how can you lift it so make a plan and explain to each teaches member how its work. 3 Motivation: Motivation is the requirement to force him-self, yes you can do it so can do attitude will boast your motivation and you will be indulging in all activities automatically that are performing by your all team members. 4 Timing: If you have all those 3 factors in your team then this will lead you to lift the car by setting a time on that all the team member pull the car together and it will lift easily. TASK2: CLIMBING TO EVEREST To climbing the Everest a team leader must be an experienced one, he should also listen to all the team member because this task requires lots of force one step wrong it will lead to death. In this, each member has to perform an individual task but they have shared their knowledge with each other , also the leader should guide them properly basically the coordination in this task must require. A further thing is motivation willing power are the factor if a person has this quality then he must climbing to Everest. Task4 THREE-FACTOR OF EFFECTIVE CUSTOMER SERVICE: 1 Presenting Yourself When we talk about effective customer service the factor is how you present yourself in the front of the customer talk politely listen to them and keep smiling while communicating with them. 2 Show Care For Them Try to involve with customer as much you can while tell them if you are in that situation what you can do give some solution, and guide them in the right way they will be impressed automatically, giving good services is always a benefit to satisfy customer and try to create good relationship with them so that they can trust you easily. 3 Convincing Power: If you build trust then convince them is more easily but some customer wont convince because their expectation became more from a service representative so you always try to update them by promoting you new products and give them some extra benefits if they will buy they will refer more customer. The main barriers to customer service in IT business. Failure to solve complaints quickly With todays smart generation, people only reach out to customer care Centres of companies only when the problem is real complex. Customer service fails if one isnt able to serve the complex complaint in the first instinct or immediately direct them to the right person to help them out. (Real Business, n.d.) Inability to provide easy access to customers It should be easy for people to contact the companies to get their issues resolved. Their websites or customer care centers should be easily accessible to all. Failure to provide this a big barrier to customer service. (Real Business, n.d.) Not using customer feedbacks Customer feedbacks satisfy the customers as well as help organizations to improve their customer services in the future. They also help the businesses to know areas where they are lacking and can improve. (Real Business, n.d.) Overworked Staff Having less staff or giving a few people lots of tasks can exhaust them which in turn will lead to loss of interest in working properly. No client will be given importance. The employee will just want finish off the tasks and go home. This will result in dissatisfied customers and hence poor customer service. (Entre Propel, n.d.) Underworked Staff Having all the more staff is a barrier too. Underworked staff might feel they have no importance and that they are not challenged or are not appreciated for their work. This in turn can again have a similar effect as the overworked staff has. Employees might take too long to solve issues since they have plenty of time hence delaying the service and dissatisfying customers. (Entre Propel, n.d.) Non-Caring Culture If the environment of the place where you work is not positive and the staff is careless about their work, a good customer service is not given. Customers are not given importance and the result is unhappy customers. (Entre Propel, n.d.) Insufficient Systems Lack of proper technology when dealing with the customer can lead to the slow and poor performance of the staff. Systems with insufficient data about the customers history or any data related to the client act as a barrier to good customer service. (Entre Propel, n.d.) Lack of Incentive Lack of incentives to the staff gives them no reason to perform better customer service. They ll be bored and work just fine without appreciation. Any incentive, monetary or non-monetary, can improve an employees customer service. (Entre Propel, n.d.) Scripted communication Clients prefer communication customized for them, not a scripted service. Even though a scripted communication might be easier for the employees but a little personal touch for every customer makes them feel important and hence a great customer service. (Provide Support, n.d.) Delayed response The most common reason for complaints and dissatisfied customers is that they were put on hold for a very long time. A swift response to their queries is the most important part of an excellent customer service. Waiting customers result in poor customer service. (Provide Support, n.d.) Not valuing the customers Staff should know how to value customers otherwise they will not treat the customers as they are supposed to. Mistreating them leads to poor customer service. (Entre Propel, n.d.) Poor accountability The staff should be held accountable for customer service they provide. Otherwise, they will not try to perform better, they will never be blamed for an unhappy customer and so they wont be willing to improve. Recording and tracking their conversations will result in better customer service. (Entre Propel, n.d.) References (n.d.). Retrieved from student-learning.tcd.ie: https://student-learning.tcd.ie/undergraduate/topics/self-management/ Entre Propel. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.entre-propel.com/: http://www.entre-propel.com/customer-service/8-barriers-to-outstanding-customer-service/ Faculty buffalostate. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://faculty.buffalostate.edu: http://faculty.buffalostate.edu/smithrd/uae%20communication/unit4.pdf Provide Support. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.providesupport.com: http://www.providesupport.com/blog/10-barriers-outstanding-customer-service/ Real Business. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://realbusiness.co.uk: http://realbusiness.co.uk/sales-and-marketing/2013/10/09/10-barriers-to-effective-customer-service/