Registrar Of Births, Deaths And Marriages - 1436 Words

CASE NOTE ASSIGNMENT: I INTRODUCTION Registrar of Births, Deaths and Marriages (NSW) v Norrie (2014) 250 CLR 490 established an express recognition of a person’s sex being other than male or female. Chief Justice Robert French, Justice Ken Hayne, Susan Kiefel, Virginia Bell and Patrick Keane formed the Bench at the High Court of Australia. II PROCEDURAL HISTORY Norrie requested a review of the Registrar’s refusal to record her sex as â€Å"non-specific† . The Administrative Decisions Tribunal and its Appeal Panel however supported the Registrar’s decision . This judgement was held on the premises that the Registrar had no explicit power to register her sex as any other than that of â€Å"male† or â€Å"female†, under the presumptions of the Act. The case was then taken to the Supreme Court of New South Wales under s 119 of the Administrative Decisions Tribunal Act 1997 (NSW) , where the Court decided in Norrie’s favour. It was stated that, ‘Gender should not be regarded merely as a matter of chromosomes. It is partly a psychological question, one of self-perception, and partly a social question, how society perceives the individual.’ The Court ordered a remittal to the Tribunal, ordering further investigation on Norrie’s specific sex classification. This was done due to the belief that the Act proposed that Norrie might be classified by a category other than male or female, particularly, â€Å"intersex†, â€Å"transgender† or â€Å"androgynous†. III FACTS In 1989, Norrie had undertaken aShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of A Public Works Department In The Village Of Lake Success732 Words   |  3 PagesVillage residents also have a right to use a number of services provided by the Town of North Hempstead because they have to pay them taxes as well. 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Emergent and Early Literacy for Oral Language - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theEmergent and Early Literacy for Oral Language. Answer: Selection of texts The texts are to be selected in a way that will be helpful for the designing of the variety of resources that can be easy comprehending for the emergent learners. The various texts will include the reading inventories, oral language, comprehension reading attitudes, reading surveys. The educators can give the gift of their students with texts that can be narrative, informational, digital and that vary with the semiotic and linguistic characteristics that in future will increase their knowledge in a particular language and improve their grades. Narrative texts The narrative texts will include the teaching of reading aloud. Reading aloud through narration will gain the literacy skills and also will develop their vocabulary. The reading aloud among the students could be of any interesting topic such as about Caterpillar to Butterfly by Laura Marsh which is good for independent reading. This way of narrative text will very well explain to the kids the beautiful way of changing of caterpillar to butterfly. Vocabulary can also be concentrated by highlighting them to the students and making contextual questions and inference with it.(Berman, 2017). Informational texts The learning procedure will here depend on the instructions and the learning of informations from the leveled books like Bye Bye Butterfly by Andrew Lawson. This is done by using venn diagrams and explain the stories to the students. On understanding the cause and effect related to any particular topic they will also gain knowledge in the logical reasoning for learning the texts. (Giroir et al, 2015). Digital texts The another way that the students can comprehend the learning is based on the digital text. The digital text is educating them through internet or making them use computers. The information should be customized that will be easier for them. The digital texts like butterfly facts found in the kids connect are interesting stories (kids.sandiegozoo.org, 2017). Research based reading and writing- The research based reading and writing will help develop the power of decoding, fluency and comprehending a particular language. The texts in research should be in systematic pattern that will form the literacy skills among the students. The research based text will be such that is will not only increase the knowledge of the alphabet but will also the children gain emergent literacy knowledge. That is they have the skills of reading and writing prior they have become the conventional authors (Roskos, 2017). These will include the following Buddy reading Environment reading Direct phonics instruction Phonic games The relation of the texts to the cognitive and noncognitive powers of the student In the context of the emergent learning among the students the educator must know about the cultures and all the details of the students. The selection of texts will be the way t that might understand the cognitive and noncognitive aspects of the children. The cognitive skills of the students will help them develop enthusiasm. The cognitive characteristic will be through oral language, concepts of prints and listening comprehension. The non cognitive way is to increase the motivation of reading and through literacy self concept. The narrative texts and the informational texts will be provided on the basis of their cognitive powers. The stories that are read to them in the form of narration will make them smarter in the texts. The spontaneous conversation will help them in focusing of learning that will help them with their non-cognitive skills. Common core standard The text that is to be selected is on the basis of first exploring the common core. According to the common core standard the main goal is to make the students comprehend with the English language arts, science and technical subject standards. The techniques will include the components like the reading, writing, speaking, listening, language and media and technology. The texts that are delivered must be presentable such that it can develop logical arguments (Newman, Degener Wu, 2015). Analyzing and selecting text Semiotics is the most descriptive and applied in the field to sweep views . The semiotic analysis of the drama is the most influencing. They may also include the coded process involving production of the signs. The narrative will fall in both the semiotics and linguistic development. The informational texts will mainly increase the linguistics. The linguistic learning goes hand in hand with the semiotic learning. The semiotic which is the sign study could be successfully done with the selection of texts through the narration of any particular interesting topic. The problem according to the analyzing and selecting text media program there the main problem that came up was the complexity in texts that became difficulty for the students to learn. The language must be easy and interesting for the students (Silverman, 2016). Facilitate the student writing The texts of the narrative and interesting informational will make the students increase the habit of the writing. The topic should be attractive enough. The writing habit can only increase their power of clarity and style in the language. References Berman, R. A. (2017). Developing form/function relations in narrative texts.Lenguas modernas, (24), 45-58. Butterfly facts for kids. (2017).kids.sandiegozoo.org. Retrieved 29 July 2017, from https://kids.sandiegozoo.org/animals/insects/butterfly Giroir, S., Grimaldo, L. R., Vaughn, S., Roberts, G. (2015). Interactive Read?Alouds for English Learners in the Elementary Grades.The Reading Teacher,68(8), 639-648. Newman, M., Degener, S., Wu, X. (2015). How are teachers using primary sources to meet Common Core literacy standards in English/Language Arts, Social Studies, and Science?. Roskos, K. A. (Ed.). (2017).Play and literacy in early childhood: Research from multiple perspectives. Routledge. Silverman, D. (Ed.). (2016).Qualitative research. Sage.

Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeyevich (1894-1971), Soviet Communist Leader, W

Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeyevich (1894-1971), Soviet Communist leader, who was first secretary of the Soviet Communist party from 1953 to 1964 and premier of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) from 1958 to 1964. Born in Kalinovka, the son of a miner, Khrushchev worked in his early years as a shepherd and locksmith. After serving in the czarist army in World War I (1914-1918) and participating in the Russian Revolution, he joined the Communist party and the Red Army in 1918 and fought in the civil war. He attended a Communist party high school in 1921 and was active as a party organizer until 1929. For the next two years he attended the Industrial Academy in Moscow. Khrushchev advanced rapidly in the party, becoming a member of the Central Committee in 1934. From 1935 to 1937, as first secretary of the Moscow Regional Committee, he directed the industrialization program of the second five-year plan. In 1938 he was transferred to the Ukraine as first secretary of the Ukrainian party organization and made a provisional member of the party Politburo; he became a full member in 1939 and was also appointed to the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet. During World War II (1939-1945) Khrushchev headed the political department of the Red Army on the southern front. In 1944, after the Germans were driven from the Ukraine, he was entrusted with restoring agricultural production, establishing order, and punishing traitors. Returning to Moscow in 1949, he was appointed a member of the Secretariat of the party's Central Committee. Subsequently he emerged as the foremost Soviet agricultural expert. After the death of Joseph Stalin in 1953, Khrushchev became first secretary of the Central Committee, in effect the head of the Communist party of the USSR. A struggle for power ensued between Khrushchev; Georgy Malenkov, head of the government; and Lavrenty Beria, head of the secret police (known as the KGB). Malenkov and Khrushchev, along with many members of the government, wanted to reduce the power of the KGB, which had operated with virtually no constraints throughout the Stalin era. Beria, in contrast, wanted to increase the KGB's political power. The party supported Malenkov and Khrushchev, and Beria was arrested and executed in 1953. Khrushchev was able to outmaneuver Malenkov because Khruschev controlled the party apparatus; he had appointed many of its members, and they were loyal to him. In 1955 Malenkov resigned. In 1956, during the 20th Party Congress, Khrushchev took an unprecedented step and denounced Stalin and his methods. Khrushchev accused Stalin of being responsible for mass murders and deportations, the German invasion during World War II, and the USSR's break with Yugoslavia. Khrushchev's motivations for this de-Stalinization were complex. He wanted to bring the rule of law back to the government, but he also wanted to eliminate competition within the party. Although Khrushchev had himself been involved in Stalin's purges and terrorism, he was able to implicate many of Stalin's top men who bore even more responsibility for these crimes. Khrushchev's de-Stalinization efforts, however, dealt only with false trials and forced confessions of Communist party members. They did not address the millions of average citizens who were murdered or imprisoned by Stalin. Consequently, de-Stalinization lifted only slightly the fear and sense of oppression instilled over three decades. Domestically, Khrushchev's biggest challenge was agriculture. The government's grain forecasts were not very realistic; they were based on years with high production, and actual production frequently fell short of the predictions. Khrushchev opened up large sections of virgin land in Siberia, the Ural Mountains, and Kazakstan to farming, but production was hampered by problems with climate, choice of crop, and lack of equipment and labor. Khrushchev worked to improve living standards in the USSR, creating a minimum wage in 1956 and building large housing complexes. In foreign affairs, Khrushchev advocated peaceful coexistence with the West, while continuing the USSR's strong control over Eastern Europe. Civil unrest in Poland in 1956 was resolved without military conflict; in contrast, Soviet troops invaded Hungary the same year to crush an uprising and place a Communist, pro-Soviet government in control. Relations with the United States were tense because Khrushchev favored nuclear weapons over conventional armies. These tensions culminated during the Cuban missile crisis of 1962, when the United States demanded that the USSR remove nuclear missiles that it had placed in Cuba. After several very strained days, the USSR agreed. Khrushchev lost support from the KGB and the conservative members of the Communist party when he denounced Stalin, and he alienated the military by advocating defense

Polymorphic essays

Polymorphic essays The generation of today is growing up in a fast-growing, high-tech world which allows us to do the impossibilities of yesterday. With the help of modern telecommunications and the rapid growth of the personal computer in the average household we are able to talk to and share information with people from all sides of the globe. However, this vast amount of information transport has opened the doors for the computer "virus" of the future to flourish. As time passes on, so-called "viruses" are becoming more and more adaptive and dangerous. No longer are viruses merely a rarity among computer users and no longer are they mere nuisances. Since many people depend on the data in their computer every day to make a living, the risk of catastrophe has increased tenfold. The people who create computer viruses are now becoming much more adept at making them harder to detect and eliminate. These so-called "polymorphic" viruses are able to clone themselves and change themselves as they need to avo id detection. This form of "smart viruses" allows the virus to have a form of artificial intelligence. To understand the way a computer virus works and spreads, first one must understand some basics about computers, specifically pertaining to the way it stores data. Because of the severity of the damage that these viruses may cause, it is important to understand how anti-virus programs go about detecting them and how the virus itself adapts to meet the ever changing conditions of a computer. In much the same way as animals, computer viruses live in complex environments. In this case, the computer acts as a form of ecosystem in which the virus functions. In order for someone to adequately understand how and why the virus adapts itself, it must first be shown how the environment is constantly changing and how the virus can interact and deal with these changes. There are many forms of computers in the world; however, for simplicitys sake, this paper ...

Analyzing and Writing Cases Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Analyzing and Writing Cases - Article Example In general, the selection of strategy consists of a number of approaches. In organizational context, the choice of the approach relies on several factors such as the current situation of the company, the resources of the company, competencies and policies of the organization, risk tolerance potential, internal clashes, extent of external reliance and expected competitive response among others. With due consideration to these factors, the alternative strategies that have been recommended for Edward Jones comprise of a combination of expansion as well as product development strategy. The present day business environment is altering continuously due to the inclusion of new entrants, the development of substitutes and enhanced performance of competitors and so on. As a result, Edward Jones might require discovering ways to mitigate threats from rivals and ascertain that is benefits from its persistent customer loyalty. Some of the organizational strategies to consolidate the business cou ld be enhancing the product or service quality, building better associations with customers so as to understand and meet their needs efficiently resulting in augmented customer loyalty. External Assessment The financial services industry functions on the principle of the trade-off between risk and return. The retail brokerage industry had made it possible for individual investors to invest in various financial securities, for instance stocks and bonds. This industry has evolved over the years and many factors such as increase in the worth of stock market, advent of technology and internet, increasing need of individuals to save for their future as a result of rise in the life expectancy level and rising expenses have contributed towards its rapid growth. Due to the rising competition in the market, diversification of investor needs and the increasing expectations of the customers, the retail brokerage industry primarily focuses on customer service. There exists a high level of conve rgence in the retail brokerage industry, which permits the companies to bundle their products as well as offer discounts. The rationale behind the convergence is that it is more cost-effective to cross-sell products. Moreover, the consolidation of the products results in shared information technology and elevated switching costs and acts as a major opportunity for the industry participants. The retail brokerage industry is highly correlated with the stock exchange market. The increase in the value of stock markets across the world has provided the industry with immense growth opportunity and would continue to do so. With the rise in the number of individual investors looking forward to make investments in various types of financial assets, the industry has huge growth potential. Though the industry has immense growth potential, the risky business practices that are the part of financial services organizations could bring about a stock market slump and adversely affect the retail bro kerage industry. This is a major threat that the retail brokerage industry has to encounter. The instances of focus on short term benefits is more in the financial sector, as the managers of such organizations want to please their stock holders by providing them superior immediate returns. However, in doing so, more often than not the managers ignore the long-term sustainable

OPERATIONS AND LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

OPERATIONS AND LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT - Assignment Example Starting with a general definition of manufacturing process, manufacturing processes are a collection of methods that converts â€Å"naturally occurring raw materials into desired end-products† (Harrington, 1984). In other words, raw materials are collected and by means of a chain of production activities, are converted into end-products. A rather precise definition is given by Halevi (1999): â€Å"the manufacturing process is a chain of activities directed toward meeting a set of objectives defined by management.† The objectives include development and production of products, production of customer-designed products, and reproduction of products manufactured in the past. Although manufacturing environments differ due to the differences in industry types, the fundamental principles of manufacturing processes remain similar and common to all industry types. Classification of manufacturing processes primarily includes two broad categories: shaping and non-shaping processes, or rather specifically, primary shaping and secondary shaping processes. Primary shaping processes are also known as basic manufacturing processes, which are the oldest manufacturing processes and still the most used processes. These manufacturing processes are used to produce or manufacture a product directly to its usable form without any machining. So these processes are relatively cheaper. Examples of products made by using primary shaping processes include cast-iron articles, hot-rolled metal products such as channels, rods, bar stocks, etc. Secondary shaping processes are usually carried out for further refinement of products manufactured from the primary shaping processes. Some of the examples of products made by using secondary shaping processes are the hot-rolled products that are required to undergo further refinement in shape and size. This paper will focus particularly on the casting processes. Casting, also known as metal casting, is one of the

Fukushima Earthquake And Tsunami 2011 Essay Example for Free

Fukushima Earthquake And Tsunami 2011 Essay In March 2011, Japan was struck by a magnitude 9.0 earthquake and a following tsunami. Authorities concluded that the earthquake was the cause of the Pacific plate releasing the friction built up after years converged under the North American plate (as shown in figure 3) along the fault line that lies kilometres away from Japan’s coastline. (Urbano, 2011)This caused the friction to spread through the ground-and what was originally said to be a magnitude 6.6 earthquake through the evaluation of incomprehensive readings from seismometers- shook Japan for over five minutes. The resulting tsunami was triggered by the explosive energy released by the earthquake. However, its damage was minimized by 10m high sea walls and the modeling of buildings along the coast, which had applied various scientific techniques to reduce impact from waves on actual buildings. Macintosh HD:Users:160161:Desktop:Unknown-1.jpeg Earthquakes are a very significant problem around the globe and can cause havoc through towns. The Japan earthquake and following tsunami resulted in 20000 deaths and caused the destruction of entire towns and many coastal areas of the country- the most notably being the TÅhoku region in Honshu. (Pletcher, 2013) A large percentage of the damage and lives lost could have been avoided if sciences techniques in detecting earthquakes- such as seismometers- would have alerted authorities in advance rather than minutes before the earthquake struck, as well as conveyed more accurate readings. Around the globe scientists and organisations have attempted to develop method of detecting earthquakes so that maximum damage can be prevented. Currently, around the globe seismometers, sea walls and building modeling are used to detect earthquakes through the readings of seismic waves. This scientific solution has potential to minimise damage from earthquakes and tsunamis around the globe if implemented correctly and its negatives minimized. The Application of Science To Detect Earthquakes and Consequently Prevent Damage-Seismometers Earthquakes can be detected by measuring the frequency of the seismic waves in a particular area using a scientific device such as a seismometer. Seismic waves are circular waves (see figure 4) created by the back and forth movement that occurs when an earthquake shakes the ground, thus releasing waves. A magnitude 8 or 9 earthquake- like the one in Japan 2011, are caused due to the faster and rapider movement of the ground. This releases a higher frequency of seismic waves that can be detected by scientific instruments like a seismometer-just as they were during the Fukushima earthquake. The science behind the implementation of seismometers in earthquake prone areas such as Japan is that they use the basic principal of inertia to detect seismic waves in the earth’s surface. They consist of a ground motion detection sensor and a recording system. In a simple seismometer’s detection system, a weight and a spring are suspended from a frame that moves along with the earth’s surface. As the earth moves, the relative motion between the weight and the earth, which is caused by seismic waves is measured by the recording system which consists of a rotating drum attached to the frame, (as shown in diagram 1) and a pen attached to the mass. This pencil moves along with the weight and the spring, leaving lines along the drum, which can be interpreted into determining the frequency of seismic waves and the magnitude of the coming earthquake by authorities.(Braile, 2000)Modern seismometers are electronic, and instead of using a pen and drum, the seismic activity generates an electrical voltage that is recorded by a computer. The reason why Japanese authorities and other nations around the world choose this science to help detect earthquakes is because it allows them to determine before hand when an earthquake is going to happen. Seismographs gather information over a long period of time and the patterns in the seismic wave frequency are easily analyzable. Seismometers were implemented in Japan’s coastline by local authorities with readings going to computers where the data from seismic waves was analyzed. This brought to the early conclusions that the earthquake was a magnitude 6.6 and later upgraded to 9.0 from further readings showing an increase in movement within the ground. Seismometers also bring a change in scientific research about certain regions and their risk to earthquakes, as it allows for research to be collected at various points before, during and after an earthquake, so that warnings can be sent out in advance next time or before an aftershock. (Dea, 2003) The Effectiveness of Detection/Damage Prevention Techniques Used In Japan Seismometers- Science’s solution to the problem-can be used to detect earthquakes and their location so that maximum damage can be prevented. In theory, scientists in Japan should have been able to pick up the earthquakes where about, magnitude and timing from the seismic activity under the earth’s surface that should have been detected by numerous seismometers located on the Pacific Ocean’s seabed. Scientists can use the readings gathered- based on the frequency of the waves-to calculate the magnitude of the earthquake before it reaches by working out the difference in arrival between two waves from tree different seismometers. (BBC, 2013) If the gap between the two arrivals is shorter, then the magnitude of the earthquake is also higher. Fukushima scientists also used this method to determine the exact location of the earthquakes epicentre through the process of triangulation in which they determine the distance travelled by waves at each of the three seismomet ers and pinpoint the centre (as shown in diagram 2). Seismometers certainly helped to detect the Fukushima earthquake. Evidence shows that almost a thousand lives were saved due to seismometers monitoring the Pacific seabed. They proved effective in saving lives because they were able to pick up the sudden seismic activity in the ground. The detection allowed scientists back in Japan to sound an alarm minutes before the earthquake arrived in Japan. However, the initial alarm was quite inaccurate, as it was originally sounded for a 6.6 magnitude earthquake. Over the last century around the world, scientists concluded that 9/10 times seismometers were initially incorrect in detecting the magnitude of the numerous earthquakes (Strevens, 2011). Seismometers also have many more limitations, which cause for the technology to be deemed ineffective at times and can be used to partially explain some of the issues that occurred in Japan- issues that could have been avoided. Unlike NASA’s InSAR satellite technology that can detect earthquakes day before they occur (due to its ability to detect even 1cm of movement within the earth) (NASA, 2011), seismometers are only able to detect earthquakes minutes before they happen and the only way scientists can actually issue a warning in advance is if they look closely at the patterns in previous earthquakes or try and interpret seismic readings days before and see if there are any abnormalities. The limitations of possible inaccuracy with data and late warnings made the use of the seismometers quite ineffective during the earthquake. Although seismometers are able to pinpoint the exact location of the epicentre so that aftershocks can be predicted and are able to give a few minutes of warning about the magnitude, it is a scientific device that’s success can easily be affected by influence human error plays in analyzing its data on computers. Sea walls were implemented in Japan to protect its coastal cities from tsunamis. The science behind them is that its strong concrete material, from which it is made of, should be able to block the force of a tsunami. Their height- 10 metres above sea level- were supposed to be sufficient to stop most tsunamis as evidence shows that it is very rare in any part of the world for a tsunami over 10m to a region that is not directly over the fault line. However, if a tsunami were to reach such heights, the sea walls success would be limited greatly. A positive of their use though, is that their success is largely predictable as they do not require any electronic systems to function and nor do they have any human influence. Macintosh HD:Users:160161:Desktop:Screen Shot 2013-10-27 at 6.40.21 PM.png Sea walls proved ineffective in Japan as the tsunami proved to also be 10 metres tall due to the water being very deep in the region. This allowed the tsunami to build up its waves and when the tsunami’s biggest waves arrived at the coast of Japan, they were 1m taller than the walls event though they were still only 10m tall. (Tran, 2013) This was due to the fact that the coastline had dropped by a metre and also moved three metres out to sea. (As shown in figure 5) This outside influence limited the success of the walls greatly and although- in many other tsunamis sea wall have effectively haltered tsunamis due to their concrete strength and height- the tsunami of 2011 flooded into Japan killing thousands that could not escape in the few moments of warning. Sciences Interaction With The Environment The environment has minimal impact on the application and effectiveness of seismometers and sea walls. As seismometers are not affected by an areas air pollution, vegetation or climate, the environment does not play a significant role in positively or negatively affecting the detection ability of seismometers. However there are still a few minor factors- particularly in Japan- that can somewhat prevent an earthquake from being detected accurately. Due to Japans vulnerable earthquake-prone region being located along the Pacific Ocean’s coastline, many low intensity stress waves created by natural noises and ocean waves have the ability to be detected by seismometers. This is because seismometers can detect and measure motions with frequencies from 500 Hz to 0.00118 Hz- a large enough range to detect ocean waves- particularly in the Pacific Ocean. This could have a negative effect on the effectiveness of science’s solution. Negatively, seismometers could be alerting Japan ese authorities every time tidal waves and ocean currents strengthen, thus triggering alarm bells constantly. A positive effect that the Japanese environment has on damage preventing solutions such as sea walls is that the Japanese coastline has numerous mountain and hill landforms. The many hills and low mountains located in Japans coastal region (sea figure 6)-especially where the Fukushima earthquake struck-help to prevent damage due to there significant height above sea levels. This environmental benefit was evident during the 2011 earthquake as authorities guided civilians to high ground so that when the tsunami arrived and the sea walls failed, the landforms saved a few hundred lives. (ONISHI, 2011)This was because the 10m height of the tsunami eventually deteriorated by the time it reached the landforms, thus preventing further damage from occurring. As mentioned above, the environment has minimal influence on the application and effectiveness of seismometers and sea walls, although sea walls do have an effect on the environment. To construct and implement sea walls, natural, agricultural and grassland is destroyed to make way for them. Sea walls require a large amount of space (width and length) if they are to be firm, sturdy and cover a large proportion of the coastline. They also negatively impact the climatic environment as their height to some extent interrupts the sea breeze that Japan receives from the ocean. This means that locations near the walls will be drier in the already tropical climate and environment. Once again these negative effects on Japan’s environment are not significant factors although if these scientific damage prevention measures were not present in Japan 2011, the environment would have been damaged greatly like it was in some towns that were destroyed completely. Economic Interaction Sciences detection and damage prevention solutions have a profound effect on the economy of Japan. The Japanese government invests billions (USD) in coastal defenses such as sea walls and warning systems every year. These expensive devices further cost governments around the world millions whenever a warning and consequent evacuation occurs. For example, since Hawaiis Pacific Tsunami Warning Center was established in 1948, about 75 percent of warnings that resulted in costly evacuations turned out to be false alarms (Pendick, 2012). A positive effect that Japan’s economy has on seismometers and warning systems is that it can afford to research deep into ways on improving the technology, as well as, fund the expensive costs involved with implementing and running them. There is very little limitations that Japan’s economy poses to seismometers as the economy is very stable and has been for the last decade without fluctuating too much (see graph 1), thus allowing for billions to be invested. This allows the government to invest in earthquake damage prevention devices so that when an earthquake strikes, damage costs can be kept to a minimum. Seismometers and damage prevention devices have a major influence on the economy. When the earthquake of 2011 struck and damage was high- especially from the burst reactor in the Fukushima Nuclear Plant- Japan’s tourism industry suffered greatly. This had a chain reaction on the economy with a major dip in Japan’s GDP (as shown in graph 1) during the period. Conclusion For many years now, scientists have attempted to come up with ways to detect and consequently, prevent earthquakes with measured success- especially in the Fukushima earthquake of 2011. Although the application of science through the use of seismometers potentially saved thousands of lives in the few minutes of warning, it’s accuracy and timing was not enough to stop a nuclear disaster. The 10m sea walls that were located around Japans shoreline also proved ineffective as the tsunami soared over them, leaving all types of buildings to be struck down by the shear force of the waves. However, scientists continue to apply their knowledge of earthquakes, tectonic movement and seismic waves so that they can enhance this solution for future earthquakes around the globe. Seismometers and sea walls fit into the world environment nicely as they do not affect it, but rather help to prevent damage occurring to it, whilst the modeling of buildings simply has the same impact as normal buildings do. Economic wise though, billions of dollars are put into the science and evidence shown from Japan might suggest, too much money for fairly inconclusive success. There are some variables in science that we can’t control, but what can be controlled is minimizing their damage to civilization through the processes of detecting and preventing damage. Bibliography BBC. (2013). Seismic waves. Retrieved October 28, 2013, from BBC Bitesize: http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/waves_earth/seismicwavesrev2.shtml Braile, L. (2000, November). SEISMOMETER. 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Retrieved November 1, 2013, from Oxonian Globalist: http://toglobalist.org/2012/05/risky-business-uncovering-catastrophic-insurance-risks-in-2012/ NASA. (2011). Anticipating Earthquakes-InSAR Satellites . Retrieved October 28, 2013, from NASA Science: http://www.google.com.au/search?client=safarirls=enq=why+did+seismometers+pick+the+japan+earthquake+as+magnetide+6.6ie=UTF-8oe=UTF-8gws_rd=crei=jMhwUtjfJcW_kQXUiYCQBQ#q=why+did+seismometers+pick+the+japan+earthquake+as+magnitude+6.6rls=en ONISHI, N. (2011, March 13). Seawalls Offered Little Protection Against Tsunami’s Crushing Waves. Retrieved October 27, 2013, from The New York Times: http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/14/world/asia/14seawalls.html?pagewanted=all_r=0 Pendick, D. (2012). Catching a Tsunami in the Act. Retrieved November 2, 2013, from Savage Earth: http://www.pbs.org/wnet/savageearth/tsunami/html/sidebar1.html Macintosh HD:Users:160161:Desktop:Screen Shot 2013-11-04 at 11.43.28 AM.png